dipole
MOZN1
Overview of permanent magnet implementations for advanced light sources
42
The utilization of permanent magnets in the design of accelerator magnets has witnessed a surge in prominence, particularly within the realm of advanced light sources. Following pioneering initiatives at SIRIUS and ESRF-EBS, current projects are increasingly embracing permanent magnet technology. Notably, in the case of SLS2.0, over 30% of the magnets in the new storage ring are powered with permanent magnets. Permanent magnets offer manifold advantages, including compactness, much simpler requirements in terms of services (such as power supplies, cables, and cooling systems), and reduced operational costs. Nonetheless, they also present significant challenges that demand careful consideration. In this study, the author provides an overview of permanent magnet implementations across various projects and delves into a detailed analysis of the Swiss Light Source upgrade.
Paper: MOZN1
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOZN1
About: Received: 02 Jun 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPB055
Exploring lattice candidates for TPS upgrade
176
The design of lattice candidates for the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) upgrade is under investigation, focusing on Multi-Bend Achromat (MBA) and Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat (HMBA) configurations. A 5BA lattice, which offers relaxed hardware requirements, can achieve a natural beam emittance in the hundred pm-rad range for a 3 GeV storage ring. The 6BA configuration shows promise in achieving phase cancellation without the need for harmonic sextupoles but presents challenges due to limited available space. The HMBA scheme is attractive for its simpler configuration and reduced reliance on nonlinear magnets. Preliminary results highlight the characteristics and trade-offs of each configuration, providing guidance for the future TPS upgrade.
Paper: MOPB055
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPB055
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 30 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPM010
Emittance tuning of the FCC-ee high energy booster ring
286
The Future Circular Collider (FCC), in its leptonic configuration has been chosen by CERN as main proposition for the next high-energy collider. This project aims to achieve luminosities one to two orders of magnitude higher than ever. Feasibility studies have led to the definition of tolerances on magnet imperfections and correction strategies. This is crucial for ensuring the performance of one of the main elements of the acceleration chain, the High Energy Booster (HEB) ring. The efficiency and overall performance of these strategies greatly influence new magnet specifications and tolerances, affecting main optic functions. Horizontal and vertical orbit corrections use horizontal and vertical kickers, respectively. Skew quadrupoles address vertical dispersion and transverse coupling. Normal quadrupoles correct the horizontal and vertical phase advances. This study simulates the distribution of these four corrector types to minimize the equilibrium emittance at the extraction energy of 45.6 GeV. The calculated strengths of these correctors and the associated misalignments are presented. The study also discusses the limitations and drawbacks of the proposed correction strategy.
Paper: MOPM010
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPM010
About: Received: 29 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPM012
Parameter and luminosity scenarios for FCC-hh
294
In preparation for the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, various options are being proposed for a future circular hadron collider, FCC-hh. Here, we discuss a few operational scenarios spanning c.m. energies from about 70-120 TeV, which correspond to the arc dipole field strengths ranging from 12 to 20 T. We present the respective integrated luminosity forecasts, considering a proton beam current similar to the one of the existing LHC (0.5 A) or the upcoming HL-LHC (1.1 A), and limiting the total synchrotron radiation power to at most 5 MW. Additional constraints are imposed on the beam-beam tune shift and the maximum event pile-up.on the maximum event pile up.
Paper: MOPM012
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPM012
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 31 May 2025 — Accepted: 02 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPM022
Criticality of powering failure of the main bend circuits in the FCC-ee at the Z-pole energy
334
The electron-positron Future Circular Collider (FCCee) will have a first phase of operation at the Z-pole energy of 45.6 GeV. To reach the target luminosity, a total of 11200 bunches with $2.14 \times 10^{11}$ charges will be used, accounting for a stored energy of 17.5 MJ per beam. Given the small beam emittances, the beam energy density in turn reaches extremely high values. The potential to induce severe damage to the accelerator components must be carefully evaluated for different failure scenarii. The effects of a powering failure of one of the main dipole circuits are described and discussed. The time-dependent effects are simulated with the XSuite tracking code. The results, expressed in term of orbit shifts, optics changes and particle losses, show that this failure is highly critical. The fastest scenario in which the beam experiences a horizontal orbit excursion of 11$\sigma$ in three turns is analysed in detail. Interlocking and mitigation strategies have been evaluated and are discussed.
Paper: MOPM022
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPM022
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPM031
Tapering schemes for FCCee
370
The electron-positron Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) is designed to operate at four beam energies, from 45.6 GeV to 182.5 GeV. At such energy levels, the circulating beam loses a significant fraction of its energy via synchrotron radiation. As a single RF insertion is foreseen in the ring, large closed-orbit shifts featuring a typical sawtooth pattern and optics distortions are induced. This in turn leads to a significant reduction of the dynamic aperture if no mitigation is implemented. The solution is to adapt the fields of the magnets to the local beam energy which is referred to as "tapering". For practical reasons, this field adjustment must be realized for groups of magnets to limit the number of powering circuits. An algorithm has bean established to self-consistently compute the tapering strengths of a given scheme, the RF phase required to compensate the energy loss and the required orbit corrections. Tapering scenarios, from coarse schemes to fine grained options are studied with the XSuite tracking code in terms of closed-orbit excursion and optics distortion. The results at the Z-pole (45.6 GeV) and $t\bar t$ (182.5 GeV) energies are discussed in detail.
Paper: MOPM031
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPM031
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPM083
Status of the FLUTE RF system upgrade
517
FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test-Experiment) is a new compact versatile linear accelerator at KIT. Its main goal is to serve as a platform for a variety of accelerator studies as well as a generation of strong ultra-short THz pulses for photon science. Also it will be used as an injector for a Very Large Acceptance compact Storage Ring (VLA-cSR) which will be realized at KIT in the framework of the compact STorage Ring for Accelerator Research and Technology (cSTART) project. To achieve acceleration of electrons in the RF photo-injector and linac with high stability, it is necessary to provide stable RF power. For this goal, an upgrade of the existing RF system design has been proposed and is currently being implemented. In this contribution an updated RF system design and the status of the RF photo-injector, linac and bunch compressor commissioning will be reported.
Paper: MOPM083
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPM083
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 30 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPM098
The mass production magnetic field measurement of the large aperture quadrupoles in HIAF
545
Currently the HIAF Project at IMP has reached the construction phase. The BRing is one of the key systems of HIAF, which is used to capture, accumulate, accelerate and extract the heavy ion beam injected by iLinac. The quadrupole magnets in BRing have large aperture (Ф260&Ф180) , large axial length(the total length of the magnet is reached 1140mm) and high integration field uniformity (±3×10-4). To measurement the magnetic field quality is very critical. The measurement aims to reach a reproducibility of 1.5×10-4 for the field integral, 2 ppm for the harmonic content for the main field and 0.2mm for the position of the magnetic center. A specially developed probe allows the simultaneous measurement of the field axis and quality. This thesis demonstrates that the system as it stands fulfils the high requirements with respect to the magnetic measurement and the magnetic center and thus provides the desired unique versatile equipment. The assessment was performed based on experimental results, direct calibration. The main defects treated are mechanical torsion and vibration of moving parts, electrical noise and power supply ripple.
Paper: MOPM098
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPM098
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 20 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 20 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPM107
Status of construction of the new heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 at FAIR
567
The construction of the new FAIR heavy ion accelerator facility at GSI is progressing well. With the start of installation of SIS100 an important new milestone in project execusion has been reached. SIS100 is the first superconducting, fast ramped synchrotron with special design features dedicated to the acceleration of high intensity, low charge state heavy ions. The full performance of the specific functional systems, stabilizing the dynamic vacuum at operation with high Uranium intensities in combination with high repetition rates, was recently demonstrated at the SIS100 string test. Even under the influence of eddy current heating of the chamber walls at high ramp rates, its separatly cooled cryogenic vacuum system assures a stabilization of the residual gas pressure at extremely low values. The first straight sectors and arc modules have been installed heading towards a first hardware commissioning in 2026.
Paper: MOPM107
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPM107
About: Received: 01 Jun 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS024
Implementation and simulation of a rectilinear cooling channel in BDSIM
647
Muon colliders offer high-luminosity, multi-TeV collisions without significant synchrotron radiation but require further exploration of muon production, acceleration, cooling, and storage techniques. A proposed 6D cooling demonstrator aims to extend the MICE experiment's validation of transverse ionization cooling to also reduce longitudinal emittance, using bunched muon beams and incorporating RF cavities for reacceleration. The cooling lattice includes solenoids for tight focusing, dipoles for beam dispersion, and wedge absorbers for differential energy loss. This paper presents a complete implementation of cooling channels for BDSIM, a Geant4-based accelerator simulation tool, using appropriate analytic field models to account for fringe-field-dominated magnets. Components have been tested individually and validated against other tracking codes such as G4BeamLine. A tracking study leveraging this implementation is presented, simulating and optimizing a rectilinear cooling channel for the 6D cooling demonstrator. The analysis incorporates beam parameters from existing proton drivers, using outputs from targetry and capture system designs.
Paper: MOPS024
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS024
About: Received: 25 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS036
Development of a pulsed magnet measurement bench using the stretched wire method
686
In the scope of the renewal of its injection systems, the ESRF-EBS has decided to implement a new scheme using Non-Linear Kickers (NLK) magnets. These pulsed octupole like magnets are extremely sensitive to any misalignment of the conductors carrying the currents resulting in a degraded magnetic field quality. It is then important to characterize precisely the transverse magnetic fields of these magnets to avoid any perturbation during the injection process. A new method to measure pulsed magnetic field is being developed at the ESRF-EBS readapting the classical method of the stretch wire bench for permanent magnet. This paper presents the advancement of this project and the first results.
Paper: MOPS036
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS036
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS043
ALBA II accelerator upgrade project status
706
ALBA is working on the upgrade project that shall transform the actual storage ring, in operation since 2012, into a 4th generation light source, in which the soft X-rays part of the spectrum shall be diffraction limited. The project was launched in 2021 with an R&D budget to build prototypes of the more critical components. The storage ring upgrade is based on a MBA lattice which has to comply with several constraints imposed by the decision of maintaining the same circumference (269m), the same number of cells (16), the same beam energy (3GeV), and as many of the source points as possible unperturbed. At present, the lattice optimization, iterating with the technical constraints of space and performance, is ongoing. This paper presents the situation of the project, with the present proposed lattice and equipment design; the status of the prototyping of magnets, pulsed elements. vacuum chambers, buttons BPMs, and girders; the proposed RF system with fundamental and harmonics cavities; and the general context of the upgrade.
Paper: MOPS043
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS043
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS065
Physics-driven specifications for the EIC ESR magnet power supply ripple
760
To avoid unacceptable proton emittance growth via beam-beam interaction, the EIC electron storage ring (ESR) requires very stringent tolerances for beam position and size stability at the interaction point. These tolerances imply tight specifications for several accelerator systems, including magnet power supplies (PS). While the magnetic field ripple requirements are most stringent at the betatron frequency and harmonics, the main PS challenges occur below ~1 kHz, where the ripple attenuation due to the vacuum chamber is insufficient. In the original ESR dipole powering scheme with ~20 families, the dipole PS current ripple specifications were found to be near or beyond the state-of-the-art. A recently adopted scheme with a single ESR main dipole PS relaxes these requirements to ~10 parts per million (ppm) rms, which is achievable. Additionally, the vacuum chambers of non-standard cross-sections required at some dipoles must be modified to match the field penetration time constant to that of the standard vacuum chamber. The paper presents the physics reasoning and simulations behind the latest PS ripple specifications, ranging from 5 to 100 ppm rms, depending on the magnet type.
Paper: MOPS065
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS065
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 01 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS066
A Dipole Scheme for the Electron Storage Ring at the Future Electron-Ion Collider
764
The Electron-Ion Collider, which is currently being designed for construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will collide polarized electron beams (5-18 GeV) with polarized hadron beams (41-275 GeV) at luminosities up to 10^34 cm−2 s−1. The electron storage ring will contain about 750 dipoles. These dipoles must fulfill not only complex geometric constraints but also requirements set by spin polarization. 576 dipoles will be located in the arcs and arranged as super-bend triplets, which provide reverse bending at 5 GeV to increase the emittance and damping decrement. The rest will be situated in the interaction region and insertion regions around the ring. Tight orbit tolerances driven by beam-beam effects at the interaction point result in very tight field-ripple requirements. While these could be mitigated by powering all dipoles in series, due to the super-bend configuration the dipoles do not all scale similarly with energy. A novel scheme has been developed using variable-turn coil designs and trim coils to achieve the required fields across the energy range. This contribution presents the unique dipole layout developed for the electron storage ring.
Paper: MOPS066
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS066
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS116
Optics design status for the muon collider rapid cycling synchrotrons
806
The baseline design for the high-energy complex of a muon collider consists of a chain of pulsed synchrotrons spanning an energy range from 63 GeV to the target collision energy of 5 TeV. This chain incorporates both normal and hybrid synchrotrons, featuring a combination of fixed-field superconducting magnets and pulsed normal-conducting magnets. Initial optics designs for the chain of synchrotrons have been completed, with optimization efforts focused on minimizing the aperture dimensions required for dipoles and quadrupoles. Preliminary tracking studies have also been performed to evaluate emittance preservation throughout the acceleration process.
Paper: MOPS116
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS116
About: Received: 02 Jun 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS126
Current status of conceptual horizontal splitter design for FFA@CEBAF energy Upgrade
810
Jefferson Lab’s Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) is currently investigating the feasibility of upgrading its maximum operating energy using Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) recirculating arcs to increase the total number of recirculations of the beam through the pair of LINACs. These FFA arcs will be composed of permanent magnets, with small Panofsky-style multipole correctors. In order to control the beam parameters through these FFA arcs, horizontal splitters must be used. The geometrical and physical constraints, as well as the beam matching requirements are very restrictive, complicating the design. This work will show the current status of the most mature design, which includes matching solutions, as well as options for extraction of the beam.
Paper: MOPS126
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS126
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS135
Dynamic aperture studies for the EIC electron storage ring
817
The electron-ion collider (EIC), under design at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will consist of two storage rings for collisions of polarized electron and hadron beams. Dynamic aperture (DA) of 10 sigma is required in the electron storage ring (ESR) for the design beam energies from 5 GeV to 18 GeV to ensure an adequate beam lifetime. The DA is limited by chromatic and error effects in a strong optics with a low-beta interaction region. We present results of dynamic aperture studies for the latest ESR lattice (v6.3), which include compensation of non-linear chromaticity, the impact of field imperfections in dipoles, and the effects of dipole orbit.
Paper: MOPS135
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS135
About: Received: 29 May 2025 — Revised: 01 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
MOPS143
Feasibility studies for a new transfer line to a muon cooling demonstrator at CERN
840
In the context of ongoing research for a future muon collider, one of the primary challenges is the efficient production and cooling of muons. To address this, a proposal is being explored to construct a demonstrator at CERN for testing a cooling cell. This demonstrator would include a target and focusing system, a chicane around a dump, and a cooling channel. A potential site for this facility is the end of the existing TT7 tunnel, which was used as a neutrino facility in the early 1980s and is presently used for storage of radioactive waste. This paper outlines the initial design studies for the transfer line that will deliver 14 GeV protons from the Proton Synchrotron to the target. The design aims to minimize costs while meeting all geometric and optical requirements. The possibility of operating the line up to 20 GeV is also explored.
Paper: MOPS143
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-MOPS143
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
TUPM025
Conceptual design of a compact synchrotron for proton-and-helium therapy facility
1212
In recent years, proton and heavy-ion therapy has become increasingly widespread in clinical applications, and has emerged as one of the important means for cancer treatment. The commonly used particle types for this therapy are protons and carbon ions. However, further research into the biological effect has found that helium ions have both high biological effectiveness and small penumbra characteristics, which enable more precise locate of the tumor while also effectively killing tumor cells. And the highest energy of the helium ions used in therapy is 235MeV/u. Therefore, the equipment size and cost required for helium ions therapy will be significantly less than that for carbon ions therapy. To this end, this paper proposes a design for a helium-ion therapy synchrotron that also possesses the capability for proton therapy. The design employs eight ultra-high field dipole magnets to achieve a compact envelope function. Additionally, the design incorporates both multi-turn painting injection and mismatched injection methods in two directions, significantly minimizing the use of bump magnets. This results in a highly compact accelerator structure.
Paper: TUPM025
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-TUPM025
About: Received: 03 Apr 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
TUPM059
SPS-II beam injection using a non-linear kicker
1285
SPS-II is the fourth generation electron storage ring in Thailand. The medium-sized ring constructed with a Double- Triple Bend Achromat (DTBA) cell provides low emittance and high capacity for the beamlines. To complement the compact storage ring with DTBA cell, a Non-Linear Kicker (NLK) was chosen for beam injection. This approach not only simplifies the injection system by reducing the number of required kickers but also enhances the overall reliability and efficiency of the injection process. This paper discusses the injection dynamics and optimization strategies associated with implementing the NLK in the SPS-II storage ring. Through comprehensive simulations and analyses, we demonstrate the NLK’s efficacy in achieving high injection efficiency.
Paper: TUPM059
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-TUPM059
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 29 May 2025 — Accepted: 29 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
TUPM085
An upgrade to the normal conducting miniature transport line for laser plasma accelerator-driven FELs
1349
In this contribution, we present advancements in upgrading the employed normal-conducting electron beam transport line at the JETI laser facility, University of Jena. To address spectral broadening caused by the large energy spread in Laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs), a transverse gradient undulator (TGU) with an energy acceptance of ΔE/E0 = ±10% has been developed. Although efficiently transporting the electron beam from the LPA to the TGU within this acceptance range required an optimized beam transport line too. Phase-space analysis for single particles across this energy range revealed that earlier transport line designs at KIT exhibited a nonlinear dependence of beam transverse position x on energy deviation, leads to beam dynamics complication. By incorporating combined dipole-quadrupole magnets, maintaining a transport line length of 2.9 m for 300 MeV beams, a linear relationship between transverse position x and energy deviations was achieved, with minimal variation in the phase x' (less than 2.4 × 10−4). This redesigned transport line meets the TGU's dispersion requirements, enabling more precise beam alignment and transport.
Paper: TUPM085
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-TUPM085
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
TUPS031
Electrostatic deflector Nuclotron modernization for EDM experiment
1487
Considered the current Nuclotron structure for precision EDM-experiments as an independent synchrotron storage ring equipped with electrostatic deflectors. In this regard, the design must ensure the preservation and precise regulation of spin dynamics stability. Moreover, the initial purpose of the structure as a booster of polarized beams in the collider has been preserved.
Paper: TUPS031
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-TUPS031
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
TUPS032
Wien filter method for the "Quasi-frozen" spin lattice
1491
To study the electric dipole moment of light nuclei, it is necessary to maintain the direction of the spin along the particle's motion along the ring. The first obvious solution to this problem is to use elements with an electric field that rotates the spin in the direction opposite to the spin rotation in a magnetic field. The most successful solution in this case is the Wien filter, which ensures spin rotation while maintaining the co-direction of the spin and momentum. In this case, the ring structure consists of arcs with bending magnets and straight sections on which Wien filters with crossed electric and magnetic fields are installed. The paper considers various versions of a magneto-optical structure that implements the "Quasi-frozen" spin method for studying the electric dipole moment of deuterons and protons. This approach can be used in developing an upgraded Nuclotron structure.
Paper: TUPS032
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-TUPS032
About: Received: 25 Apr 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
TUPS033
Quasi-frozen spin concept to search for the electric dipole moment of the proton and deuteron
1494
One of the possible proofs of CP violation beyond the Standard Model may be the discovery of permanent Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) of elementary particles. To search for the EDM of charged particles, the Frozen Spin (FS) concept was first proposed at BNL. The implementation of the latter involves the creation of a special storage ring in which the spin vector is preserved along the momentum and precesses due to the EDM only. In a magnetic storage ring initially not dedicated to measure the EDM, it is also possible to study the EDM by inserting electrostatic or E+B elements that compensate for the spin rotation in the bending magnets in a so-called Quasi-Frozen Spin (QFS) mode. Magneto-optical structures fulfilling the QFS condition can be used in application to study the proton and deuteron EDM and for axion search at the NICA accelerator complex. The main features of the implementation of the QFS concept are discussed, the method of measuring the EDM in the frequency domain, as well as the main spin dynamics properties of the lattice are covered.
Paper: TUPS033
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-TUPS033
About: Received: 07 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
TUPS094
Diagnosing an In-Vacuum Undulator in the ALS storage ring
1598
The Advanced Light Source (ALS) has an in-vacuum undulator named “LEDA”. It was installed in 2019 and provides high-brightness, high-energy photons for the ALS macromolecular crystallography beamline, Gemini. The undulator is a hybrid design with a minimum gap of 4.3 mm, a magnetic period of 15 mm, and a photon energy range of 5–19 keV. When the device was commissioned in the ALS storage ring, it had a negligible impact on ring operations. Recently, there has been a measured degradation in storage ring performance correlated with the Leda gap. Prior to conducting an invasive magnetic measurement, we performed a suite of beam-based measurements to characterize Leda. Herein, we detail these measurements and share them with the accelerator community, who may find them useful when encountering similar challenges.
Paper: TUPS094
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-TUPS094
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEAN2
Data-driven hysteresis compensation in the CERN SPS main magnets
1674
Magnetic hysteresis and eddy current decay continue to challenge beam quality and operational consistency in multi-cycling machines like the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. Building on our previous work, this paper presents improvements in the data-driven approach for magnetic field modelling to enhance the reproducibility of SPS dipole and quadrupole fields and thus maintain stable beam parameters across all operational cycles. The method is based on feed-forward correction using magnetic field forecasting with machine learning. It now includes additional operational experience and demonstrates that the field error compensation can reliably be used in operation. This contribution proves that hysteresis compensation can be achieved without a feedback system based on expensive installations with online field measurements in reference magnets. The performance improvements achieved by eliminating the need for manual adjustments and reducing time- and energy-consuming accelerator pre-cycles are presented. The paper also sets the stage for future application in higher-order magnets, like sextupoles and octupoles, as well as on other CERN synchrotrons.
Paper: WEAN2
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEAN2
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEBD3
Integrating permanent magnets and electromagnets: a hybrid dipole magnet design
1699
In this study, we designed a hybrid dipole magnet that integrates both permanent magnet and electromagnet technologies. The primary magnetic field is generated by the permanent magnets, while the coils enable fine-tuning of the field. The design carefully considers the placement of the permanent magnets and coils to optimize performance. Additionally, an outer plate mechanism is incorporated for coarse magnetic field adjustments, and a NiFe compensator is employed to mitigate the effects of temperature variations on the magnetic field. Given the challenges and risks associated with assembling strong magnets, we also developed a detailed assembly procedure and a set of specialized fixtures to ensure safe and efficient assembly. The integration of permanent and electromagnetic technologies in this hybrid design provides a robust and adaptable solution, paving the way for innovative applications in advanced accelerator technologies.
Paper: WEBD3
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEBD3
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPB024
Linear weight optimization of local magnetic field sensors for the integral field measurement in accelerator magnets
1780
The measurement of the integral magnetic field in accelerator magnets is crucial for the precise control and operation of particle accelerators. Traditional methods often rely on a fixed distribution of magnetic field sensors or long integral coils. Nonetheless, integral coils are sometimes unavailable in the magnet bore. This study presents an approach to enhance integral magnetic field measurements through the linear weight optimization of local magnetic field sensors. Our methodology involves strategically placing and weighing sensors within the magnet to minimize errors between the measured and actual integral magnetic fields for different powering cycles. We employ optimization algorithms to determine the optimal linear combination of sensor readings that best approximates the integral field. This process improves measurement accuracy and reduces the number of required sensors. We validate our approach through simulation and experimental setups. The results indicate that our optimized sensor placement and weighting scheme can be effectively implemented in existing accelerator systems, offering a scalable solution for enhancing particle accelerator performance.
Paper: WEPB024
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPB024
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPB026
Magnetic design of the cSTART magnets
1788
The KIT project cSTART (compact STorage ring for Accelerator Research and Technology) aims to store ultra-short electron bunches in a very-large-acceptance compact storage ring. The magnetic lattice of the storage ring is laid out for a variety of beam optics, including ultra-low positive and negative alpha as well as isochronous optics. These put high demands on the magnet quality and alignment. The spatial constraints for the storage ring impose further challenges on the magnet design. In this contribution, we give an overview of both the challenges and solutions for the cSTART storage ring magnet design.
Paper: WEPB026
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPB026
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPB029
Transient finite-element simulations of fast-ramping normal-conducting magnets for a 10 TeV muon collider
1799
Ongoing conceptual studies for a 10TeV muon collider identified rapid cycling synchrotrons as major engineering challenge. Due to the muon’s short lifetime of only 2.2µs at rest, normal-conducting bending magnets with field rise rates of well beyond 1kT/s are indispensable to support accordingly fast acceleration cycles. Energies of 100MJ will be interchanged between magnets and capacitor banks within few milliseconds. Accurate models of the magnets are thus required to optimize the overall system performance. The non-uniform temperature distribution in the magnet strongly affects material properties like the electrical conductivity of copper and must therefore be considered in the electromagnetic field problem. This contribution presents recent advancements in addressing this multi-physical problem by using problem-specific finite-element tools allowing to describe the inherently transient behavior. The ferromagnetic yoke is accurately resolved by using a novel combination of a Bergqvist hysteresis and a homogenized eddy current model. Finally, different magnet design concepts are compared in terms of material costs, magnetic energy, losses, field quality and temperature buildup.
Paper: WEPB029
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPB029
About: Received: 22 May 2025 — Revised: 31 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPB030
Efficient nonlinear simulations of the fast corrector magnets for PETRA IV
1803
Fast orbit feedback systems are an important component in fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources such as PETRA IV at DESY in Hamburg, Germany. These control systems are designed to stabilize the particle orbit, i.e., to correct deviations from the design orbit due to various disturbances. To that end, such a system employs fast orbit corrector magnets, which must be powered at frequencies up to the kilohertz range. This leads to significant eddy current effects that must be predicted via finite element simulations. Therefore, extensive simulation studies have already been conducted. These simulations did not, however, consider the magnetization curve’s nonlinearity since doing so requires prohibitive computational effort when using commercial software. Hence, we have constructed a dedicated method, based on a combination of the harmonic balance finite element method and homogenization schemes, to enable nonlinear simulations. This contribution outlines the general idea and application of our method to the corrector magnets of PETRA IV and presents the most important findings regarding the impact of the nonlinear magnetization curve on the magnet’s performance.
Paper: WEPB030
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPB030
About: Received: 05 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 30 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPB048
Magnetic measurement of a decommissioned insertion device at the Canadian Light Source
1843
The Canadian Light Source has decommissioned three insertion devices in recent years, replacing each with upgraded devices. The decommissioned devices are planar undulators that have seen approximately 15 years of operation in a 2.9 GeV storage ring, two being out-of-vacuum devices with 45 mm and 185 mm periods and one being an in-vacuum 20 mm device. In this paper we present magnetic measurements of the decommissioned 185 mm device (U185) with comparisons against the original measurements from before it was put into service.
Paper: WEPB048
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPB048
About: Received: 24 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPB084
Design of normal conducting quadrupoles for the spin rotator section in the EIC electron storage ring
1915
The interaction region IR6 in the Electron Storage Ring of the planned Electron Ion Collider facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory includes a section to rotate the electron spin into or out of the longitudinal direction. This section consists of superconducting solenoids, and normal conducting dipoles and quadrupoles. The geometry and field gradient requirements of the quadrupoles pose a challenge in their design with regards to yoke saturation and thereby field quality. Electromagnetic design of one such quadrupole is the focus of discussion in this article. The design process involves optimization of the pole tip, yoke and conductor size using two and three-dimensional finite element method tools.
Paper: WEPB084
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPB084
About: Received: 22 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPM014
Impact of linear imperfections in the high luminosity LHC separation dipole magnets
1980
Magnetic field measurements have been performed after fabrication of new separation dipoles for the low beta-star insertion regions of the High Luminosity LHC project*. In this paper, the effect of the linear imperfections of these magnets on coupling, beam size and beta-beating are evaluated using MAD-X simulations. The results indicate that the impact of normal-oriented quadrupole errors are small and easily correctable, while for skew-oriented quadrupole imperfections corrections require a significant fraction of the arc skew quadrupoles strength. Subsequent simulation studies were therefore performed to devise potential mitigation strategies, the results of which are also reported here.
Paper: WEPM014
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPM014
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPM103
Studies on the large residual horizontal orbit in the SIRIUS booster
2215
SIRIUS, the Brazilian 4th-generation synchrotron light source, operates in top-up mode at a current of 200 mA. Despite previous optimizations, the storage ring injection system still requires improvements in efficiency, to attend the tight demands in terms of repeatability and charge per pulse. In this context, this work investigates the large residual horizontal orbit distortion in the booster, that cannot be corrected with the current orbit correction system. A method to mitigate the problem, based on displacing focusing quadrupoles horizontally will be analyzed. Additionally, a hypothesis to explain the origin of the distortion, based on dipole error correlations introduced by the magnet sorting algorithm, will be investigated.
Paper: WEPM103
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPM103
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 01 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 02 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPM108
Towards operational optics measurements with AC Dipole excitations in the CERN SPS
2225
In the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), a new AC dipole excitation functionality has been implemented with the aid of the Beam-Based Feedback and Diagnostic Systems. This feature facilitates precise and systematic optics measurements, presenting a robust alternative to the conventional single-kick excitation method. Comparative studies of AC dipole and single-kick excitations have been performed, employing linear and nonlinear optics measurements. Experimental results highlight the reliability and accuracy of the AC dipole implementation, underscoring its potential for integration in standard SPS operations for routine optics measurements.
Paper: WEPM108
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPM108
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 02 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPS012
Beam loss simulations with space charge and octupoles for the SIS100 magnet quality assessment
2267
The components of the SIS100 synchrotron (FAIR facility) are presently under installation in the accelerator tunnel. The superconducting dipole magnets have been produced and the magnet field errors up to 7th order have been measured for all magnets. The superconducting quadrupole magnets are under production, the field error data for a part of the magnets is available. As a part of the magnet quality assessment, the particle tracking simulations are used to study the beam losses during the 1 sec beam accumulation at the injection energy. The tune settings for the slow extraction operation are considered. Direct space-charge effects and the Landau damping octupole magnets, which dominate the incoherent tune distribution, are included. In order to reduce the computational load and to increase the parameter resolution, a machine learning based optimizer is used in the accelerator and beam parameter studies.
Paper: WEPS012
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPS012
About: Received: 23 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPS045
Investigating the Impact of alternative LHC optics on accelerator backgrounds at FASER using BDSIM
2341
Alternative configurations around the ATLAS experiment are investigated aiming to reduce muon rates at forward physics experiments such as FASER and SND@LHC. The Geant4 toolkit BDSIM is used to propagate muons through a model of a section of the LHC and the TI12 tunnel, where the FASER experiment is located. We compare the muon rates in BDSIM with FASER data collected during dedicated tests in the LHC. Results show a significant worsening of the background with the non-nominal polarity configuration of the triplet quadrupoles, used in 2024. The horizontal crossing angle further increased the background, however a partial mitigation of approximately 10% was found using a set of orbit corrector magnets. Additionally, nominal triplet polarity was favorable for both vertical and horizontal crossing angles. This work served as benchmark of simulations that will be used to validate future configurations.
Paper: WEPS045
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPS045
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPS047
Report on Opera-3D hands-on session in the 7th International School on Beam Dynamics and Accelerator Technology (ISBA24)
2345
The 7th International School on Beam Dynamics and Accelerator Technology (ISBA24) held in Chiangmai University during November 1-9, 2024, encompasses seven days opportunities where the foundation of accelerator physics is applied during hands-on sessions with simulation software including ASTRA, ELEGANT, Opera-3D and CST Studio Suite. Opera-3D, a finite element-based Maxwell’s equations solver, is known for its powerful low frequency simulation capabilities and is appropriate for magnet design. Instructed by two lecturers from Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 15 students from China, Japan, India and Thailand were trained on the Opera-3D software fundamentals in the application of magnet design for particle accelerator. The students showcase their knowledge in the group assignments including the design of H-shape dipole, C-shape dipole and combined horizontal and vertical corrector with success. Thanks to the generous support of the ISBA24 sponsors and Sigma Solutions Co., Ltd., who provided the software licenses during the school. This article reports on the completion of the ISBA24 Opera-3D hands-on session provided to graduate students and young researchers from the Asian region.
Paper: WEPS047
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPS047
About: Received: 18 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPS048
Design of non-linear kicker for Siam Photon Source II
2348
A non-linear kicker (NLK) is designed for the beam injection into the storage ring of Siam Photon Source II. The required deflection angle is 4 mrad, the effective length is 400 mm and the peak field is 100 mT at the horizontal position of 9 mm from the magnet center. The design is based on 8-wire configuration where the conductor position is symmetric along the xz and yz planes. The vertical size of ceramics chamber is determined by the vertical beam stay-clear at the magnet position, available space for magnet installation and feasibility of conductive coating process. Magnetic field calculation of the NLK is performed in Radia and Opera-3D. The octupole-like magnetic field with the field-free region at the magnet center minimizes perturbation on the stored beam. Nevertheless, position error of the conductors leads to excess dipole and quadrupole field components at the magnet center. Magnetic field distortion is also caused by Eddy current induced in the conductive coating in transient analysis. In this work, magnetic design and magnetic field calculation of the NLK is presented.
Paper: WEPS048
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPS048
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 30 May 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
WEPS052
Investigating electron cloud formation in FCC-ee nested magnet designs
2362
The Future Circular Collider is an ambitious international proposal for a next-generation particle accelerator complex, building upon the successes of CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. Specifically, the FCC-ee is a future circular lepton collider. The baseline design for the FCC-ee features four modes of operation, with beam energies ranging from 45.6 GeV to 182.5 GeV. Electron cloud (e-cloud) could be a concern for the FCC-ee due to the high number of bunches foreseen for the Z configuration, which results in small bunch spacing. The bunch spacing is a key parameter for the e-cloud formation process, as very small bunch spacing could lead to the avalanche multiplication and its deleterious effects. Moreover, electron trajectories are strongly influenced by externally applied magnetic fields, which could trap electrons and alter their survival time inside the vacuum chamber. The concept of nested magnets, which involves overlapping dipole fields with quadrupolar and/or sextupolar gradients, is under investigation. This approach aims to increase the dipole filling factor and reduce the synchrotron radiation. In this paper, the nested magnets are studied from the e-cloud point of view.
Paper: WEPS052
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-WEPS052
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
THPB001
Conceptual design of the vacuum system of cSTART
2499
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) operates research accelerator facilities for the development of new technologies for future compact light sources at the Institute for Beam Physics and Technology (IPBT). Within the cSTART project (**c**ompact **ST**orage ring for **A**ccelerator **R**esearch and **T**echnology), a Very Large Acceptance compact Storage Ring will be realized to combine a compact storage ring and a laser-plasma accelerator. The new design, based on 45° bending magnets, is suitable to store a wide momentum spread beam. Good vacuum conditions are essential for the successful operation of such an accelerator system. In our case, a final pressure of <1E-8 mbar is required. For cSTART, special care was taken to find a compact (43 m circumference), space- and cost-saving, yet efficient vacuum system design that fulfils this requirement. This article presents the vacuum concept that will be used at cSTART. This includes the selection of vacuum components, the design of the vacuum chamber and vacuum simulations.
Paper: THPB001
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-THPB001
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
THPB042
Design and first prototype results of PETRA-IV permanent magnet dipole-quadrupoles
2594
Permanent magnet-based dipoles will be an essential part of the future PETRA-IV light source at DESY. The bending magnets are combined-function DQ-magnets, which provide moderate focusing with a B/G ratio of about 0.03m. Each DQ consists of several C-shaped modules, one of the three types additionally having a stepwise longitudinal gradient. Several prototype modules have recently been manufactured. The paper describes the magnet design, compares manufacturing peculiarities, and discusses first magnetic measurement results.
Paper: THPB042
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-THPB042
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 02 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
THPB043
PM magnet development status for BESSYII+
2598
Permanent-Magnet (PM) magnets combine up to zero power consumption with highly stable magnet operation without ripple and cooling vibration effects for more energy-efficient and stable accelerator operation. As part of the upgrade program BESSYII+, we will install the B2PT dipole triplet as the first PM-based accelerator magnet. It concludes the BESSYII transfer line, transporting the electron beam from the booster to the storage ring and bends the beam into the injection septum of the BESSYII storage ring. The new B2PT is planned with three PM hybrid dipole units of 300 mm length each to substitute the present power-hungry 1-m long electromagnet. The triplet produces a stable magnetic field that can be trimmed during operation by electro-correctors in the outer magnets. The permanent magnetic field reduces injection noise into the storage ring and shrinks the total power consumption by almost 30 kW. This paper reviews simulated beam bending optimization of the B2PT PM triplet and its assembly process opening up to PM magnet development also required for the preparation of the future 4th-gen low-emittance source BESSYIII.
Paper: THPB043
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-THPB043
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
THPB045
Permanent magnet-based dipole-quadrupole magnet for SPring-8-II
2602
In recent years, permanent magnet (PM) based multi-pole magnets have become an increasing concern as a replacement for conventional electro-magnets for light sources. The PMs are possible to save both energy and costs for operating and construction the facilities due to the absence of a power supply and cooling system. They have other advantages such as less space without magnetic coils and fewer failures than the conventional electro-magnets. PMs have specific issues, such as the adjustability of the magnetic field, demagnetization, and temperature dependence. Solutions to these issues were already confirmed with dipole structures for SPring-8-II, a major upgrade project of SPring-8 to the fourth generation. We have extended the knowledge and schemes to a dipole-quadrupole combined-function magnet (DQM) that comes in a quadrupole structure. The DQM is readily splittable into an upper and lower half for installation of a vacuum chamber. The reproducibility of the field gradient with half-splitting was less than 0.1%, which is within the required value. We report on the design and trial-manufacture of the PM based DQM.
Paper: THPB045
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-THPB045
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
THPM001
Magnetic field control in the MedAustron synchrotron
2687
MedAustron, a synchrotron-based ion therapy centre in Austria, is focused on enhancing cancer treatment performance. A key improvement opportunity lies in the regulation of the main ring bending dipoles, which currently require time-consuming procedures to ensure reproducibility and reliability of the associated magnetic fields (B-Fields). Other therapy centres globally address this through a traditional B-train or similar systems to regulate on the B-Field and mitigate parasitic effects. In contrast to that, we propose a novel approach utilising a single Hall probe measurement inside a reference magnet, fused with a magnet model to provide real-time, high accuracy estimates of the integral B-Field for regulation. This technique, combined with a tailored controller, is evaluated under typical therapy cycling conditions. The system's performance is demonstrated through metrological analysis and beam property comparisons. Most importantly, the results show the possibility of significant improvements in treatment time reduction. Ultimately, the already achievable beam position accuracy, and spill structure in the treatment rooms, enable the start of commissioning in 2025.
Paper: THPM001
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-THPM001
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
THPM059
Development of a DAQ system for a High Resolution cavity BPM for the future linear collider
2807
A cavity beam position monitor (cBPM) developed by CEA Saclay was installed at the end of the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) linac to evaluate the combined performance of the monitor and its associated signal processing system. The setup incorporates a down-conversion architecture inspired by Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL), and employs a digital down-conversion (DDC) algorithm to extract beam position. This configuration enables highsensitivity measurements of the transverse beam position. Preliminary results confirm successful signal acquisition and a clear position-dependent response, validating the integrated performance of the cBPM, analogue electronics, and digital processing chain. The results underscore the necessity of reliable local oscillator (LO) phase-locking to ensure precise position determination.
Paper: THPM059
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-THPM059
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025
FRYD2
Review of linear and nonlinear optics measurements in the CERN LHC
3250
The LHC is approaching the end of its third operational run, with machine protection and performance having demanded an excellent control of the single-particle dynamics. Additionally, the requirement to rapidly commission multiple diverse sets of optics configurations within each year, and from year-to-year, placed clear demands on the measurement and correction methods employed. Tight tolerances on the linear optics have been consistently achieved, with the drive to ever-more pushed optics for the High Luminosity LHC era continuing to introduce new challenges. Routine control of linear coupling has been an operational necessity, while significant progress has also been made extending the understanding and control of the optics into the nonlinear regime. This paper presents the key methods used, the results obtained, and discusses the challenges to control of the beam-optics in the LHC.
Paper: FRYD2
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC25-FRYD2
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 06 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 06 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 10 Jul 2025