THPB
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Thursday Poster Session: THPB
05 Jun 2025, 15:30 -
17:30
THPB001
Conceptual design of the vacuum system of cSTART
2499
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) operates research accelerator facilities for the development of new technologies for future compact light sources at the Institute for Beam Physics and Technology (IPBT). Within the cSTART project (**c**ompact **ST**orage ring for **A**ccelerator **R**esearch and **T**echnology), a Very Large Acceptance compact Storage Ring will be realized to combine a compact storage ring and a laser-plasma accelerator. The new design, based on 45° bending magnets, is suitable to store a wide momentum spread beam. Good vacuum conditions are essential for the successful operation of such an accelerator system. In our case, a final pressure of <1E-8 mbar is required. For cSTART, special care was taken to find a compact (43 m circumference), space- and cost-saving, yet efficient vacuum system design that fulfils this requirement. This article presents the vacuum concept that will be used at cSTART. This includes the selection of vacuum components, the design of the vacuum chamber and vacuum simulations.
Paper: THPB001
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB001
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB002
Vacuum system of MAX4U – an upgrade of MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring
2503
MAX 4U is an upgrade project of the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, to be realized by the early 2030’s in Lund, Sweden. The goal of the upgrade is to reduce the horizontal electron beam emittance to below 100 pm.rad. A new magnet lattice will be used, thus the vacuum system will have to be adapted to follow the new beam orbit of MAX 4U. Several lattices imposing the most severe changes to the beam orbit were studied. One proposal for the MAX 4U vacuum system is to re-use and adapt under vacuum the shape of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring vacuum chambers (coated with non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin film) by bending-to fit to the new magnet lattice. In such scenario, the vacuum system will not be vented, thus the NEG coating will not have to be re-activated. Such approach is very cost-effective and reduces the installation and commissioning time to the minimum. This scenario is presented here, together with the performed simulations, validation studies and tests.
Paper: THPB002
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB002
About: Received: 16 May 2025 — Revised: 13 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 13 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB004
Development of residual gas analyzer measurement system capable of operating in the 10 Torr vacuum range
2507
Residual Gas Analyzers (RGA) are widely used to mon-itor gas composition in vacuum systems. However, they are typically limited to high-vacuum environments and cannot be used directly in processes that operate at higher pressures. To solve this problem, we developed a modular and easy-to-build differential pumping system that allows an RGA to monitor vacuum environments up to 10 Torr. In this study, we present the design of this system. Thanks to its modular design, the system can be easily extended to operate at higher working pressures by adding more modules.
Paper: THPB004
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB004
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 13 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB005
Surface characterization of vacuum chambers with synchrotron radiation exposure at a beamline
2510
Exposure of synchrotron radiation on the vacuum chambers induces high yield of photoelectrons and the consequent increase of pressure from stimulated gas desorption. Characterization of the surface quality of vacuum chambers, either after chemical cleaning or with thin film coating, by synchrotron radiation exposure at a beamline is powerful and sensitive. In this study, analysis of photo-desorption and photoelectron yield for various vacuum chambers, metallic tubes with or without NEG-coatings, at the BL19B-beamline of Taiwan Light Source (TLS) with critical photon energy of 2.14 keV will be described and compared.
Paper: THPB005
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB005
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 31 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB006
Improvement of PLS-II Photon Absorbers
2513
In synchrotron accelerators, managing the intense photon flux generated by bending magnets is very important for maintaining the accelerator's performance. The emitted synchrotron radiation, characterized by its high intensity and broad spectrum, imposes significant thermal and structural demands on accelerator components. Photon absorbers are essential to effectively block excess photons, ensuring stable operation and extending the lifespan of the vacuum components. In this poster, I would like to introduce the new shape and analysis results to improve the performance of the vertical-type photon absorbers operating in PLS-II.
Paper: THPB006
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB006
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 13 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 13 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB008
Sputtering characteristics of a compact NEG-coating device and performance evaluation of the TiZrV thin films
2517
Non-evaporable Getter (NEG) coating is a breakthrough technology wherein the inner walls of a vacuum chamber are coated with a material that functions as a vacuum pump. This technology is expected to gain widespread adoption across various fields in the future. However, the current coating method, originally developed for long beam ducts, is not adaptable to a wide range of vacuum chamber designs. Therefore, we have developed a compact NEG coating device that can be adapted to chambers of various geometries. The primary advantage of this device is its ability to coat complex-shaped chambers, which was difficult with conventional methods. Additionally, by reducing the uncoated surfaces as much as possible, it significantly improves pumping performance in terms of pumping speed and reducing Photon Stimulated Desorption (PSD) yields. We explore the optimal sputtering conditions for depositing high-performance NEG thin films with the device, and have performance evaluations of the NEG films, with observing the morphologies, measuring the pumping speed and PSD yields.
Paper: THPB008
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB008
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Survey and alignment of the MESA accelerator
The Mainz Energy recovery Superconduction Accelerator (MESA) will be a recirculating electron linear accelerator, capable of delivering beam energies up to 155 MeV and 150 µA in external beam mode or 105 MeV and 10 mA in energy recovery mode. The building consists of a tunnel for the electron guns, spin preparation, and normal conducting pre-accelerator up to 5 MeV and 10 mA. The main accelerator is setup in the neighboring four underground experimental halls. The process of a survey of the building structures, establishing a network of reference points and a common coordinate system is presented. Furthermore the different methods, for example a classic approach with theodolites aligned on the accelerator axis for alignment in the tunnel, but also the use of a total station and a modern laser tracker for building survey and alignment of the main accelerator components will be discussed. Finally, an overview of achieved uncertainties and systematic errors will be given.
Investigation of outgassing properties of CuZr and CuCrZr vacuum pipe
The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light source based on Diffraction-limited Storage Ring (DLSR) with low beam emittance, high brightness and coherent photon flux. According to the physical design requirements of the HALF, the vacuum chamber structural materials should have low outgassing rate, good electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength, and non-magnetic. CuZr and CuCrZr were selected as structural materials for the HALF storage ring vacuum chamber structural materials, taking into account material properties and manufacturing process. In this paper, thermal outgassing performance of CuZr and CuCrZr alloy pipes under temperature rise was investigated for the design and calculation of HALF vacuum systems.
THPB011
Design, fabrication, and characterization of 3D-printed photonic crystals for THz filtering applications in particle accelerator
2520
The advancement of broadband terahertz (THz) sources has become increasingly important for various scientific and technological applications, including those in particle accelerators. To enable tunable and flexible THz source development, components capable of selective THz spectrum filtering are essential. In this work, we investigate the use of 3D-printed photonic crystal structures, specifically woodpile designs, for THz filtering applications. Using high-precision digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, we successfully fabricate woodpile photonic crystals with high accuracy. The fabricated structures demonstrate effective spectral filtering capabilities within the THz range, offering promising potential for applications in advanced accelerator technology and related fields.
Paper: THPB011
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB011
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB012
Development and laboratory validation of a precise alignment setup for electron beam-based THz radiation generation at European XFEL
2523
We present the development and laboratory testing of a precise alignment setup for the STERN experimental area at the European XFEL, aimed at exploring beam-based THz radiation generation methods using Cherenkov waveguides. The setup employs an alignment laser to simulate the electron beam trajectory, enabling the accurate positioning of critical components, such as a copper block housing dielectric waveguides. The alignment process involves scintillator screens placed before and after the vacuum chamber to measure the electron beam trajectory, with the alignment laser subsequently adjusted to replicate this path. The experimental validation focused on the reproducibility of alignment under simulated operational conditions, testing the positioning and movement of mirrors, and ensuring the stability of the alignment system for the critical components.
Paper: THPB012
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB012
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB013
The wire alignment method in a magnetic field measurement system
2526
In the magnetic field measurement system, a single-core CuZr wire is used in both the stretched-wire (SW) and pulsed wire measurement (PWM) systems. Before measuring the magnetic field of the undulators, the CuZr wire must be aligned with the center of the undulator mechanism. The SW system is then employed to locate the magnetic field center of the undulator. The traditional method involves using a theodolite and level to align the CuZr wire with the center of the undulator mechanism. However, for cryogenic permanent magnet undulators (CPMUs), superconducting magnets, or any magnets installed in a vacuum chamber, aligning the CuZr wire with the center of the mechanism using traditional methods presents challenges. In this paper, we propose a method that utilizes the wire's contact with the magnet to observe changes in resistance for positioning purposes, thereby overcoming the limitations of center alignment in chamber-surrounded undulator mechanisms.
Paper: THPB013
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB013
About: Received: 22 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 13 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB014
A vibrating wire system for multipole magnets alignment in TPS
2529
An auto-scanning vibrating wire system for magnets centering alignment was developed at NSRRC. It is prepared for the replacement of magnets on the girder of TPS storage ring in case of malfunction and also as a pre-study topic of the TPS upgrade. With this system, both quadrupole and sextupole magnets were tested in the laboratory. This paper presents the system configuration and testing results.
Paper: THPB014
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB014
About: Received: 29 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB015
An evaluation of collimation settings for the High Luminosity LHC baseline
2532
In the context of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project, two configurations of collimator settings are being considered. A set of relaxed settings were conceived to address potential limitations due to the impedance contribution of the collimation system with the initially foreseen settings, and to increase the primary betatron cut in case of over-populated beam tails. A significant simulation campaign has been conducted, utilising Xsuite-FLUKA coupling for the first time, to estimate the cleaning performance for each of these settings with the latest optics and layout scenarios. In addition, experiments in the current LHC have been carried out to experimentally study the cleaning performance with HL-LHC settings and to validate the simulated predictions. This paper presents and examines the results of these studies, aiming to determine which collimation settings are more suitable for implementation.
Paper: THPB015
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB015
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 30 May 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Data fusion based on the symmetric dual-path laser uncertainty weighting method
The construction of fourth-generation accelerators, represented by free-electron lasers and diffraction-limited storage rings, is increasingly popular, which sets higher standards for the installation precision of insertion devices. Large-scale insertion devices are installed using two laser trackers, but a rigorous system has not been established. To enhance installation accuracy, we propose a symmetric uncertainty weighting fusion method. This method integrates the data from two laser trackers with uncertainty weighting through symmetric coordinate transformation, thereby establishing a dual-route laser system. According to actual measurement and simulation results, it has been proven that this method can effectively improve the precision of coordinate system recovery, reduce deviations from theoretical values, and thereby enhance installation precision.
THPB017
Magnetohydrodynamic effects in liquid lead target concept for Muon Colliders
2536
The use of liquid lead as a target material in particle accelerators is of significant interest due to its high density, high thermal power absorption capacity, and resistance to radiation damage. This makes it particularly well-suited for the high-intensity proton beams being studied for CERN’s Muon Collider proposal, with powers ranging up to 4 MW. To minimize shock propagation and manage the intense thermal and mechanical stresses induced by the high-power proton beam, a free-falling liquid lead curtain is explored as a promising concept. However, the target region requires strong magnetic fields, around 20 T, to re-focus the secondary particles generated at the target, introducing complex magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects in the liquid metal flow. These effects, particularly caused by Lorentz forces and MHD losses, present challenges to achieving stable and efficient high-power target systems. This work presents multiphase MHD simulations that reveal flow instabilities and highlight potential concerns within the free-falling curtain concept. The findings provide critical insights into the feasibility of liquid lead targets for high-intensity beams.
Paper: THPB017
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB017
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 31 May 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB018
Conceptual design and optimization of a liquid lead circuit as beamstrahlung absorber for the CERN’s FCC
2540
Beamstrahlung radiation represents a new challenge at CERN's lepton Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee), specifically for electron-positron collisions. At each interaction point, its unprecedented beam intensities give rise to two photon beams with a power of several hundred kW each. Liquid lead, known for its high density and Z and relatively low melting point, is proposed as a beam dump material to safely dispose of this power. Achieving the necessary effective interaction thickness of 10 to 20 cm presents challenges in optimizing both mass flow rates and the geometric configuration of the lead. This study employs the Monte Carlo code FLUKA to simulate energy deposition and thermal simulations to investigate multiphase flow dynamics within an open-channel configuration. Various slope designs for a free-flowing liquid lead stream within an argon-filled vessel are explored to prevent oxidation. By optimizing the slope and shape of the lead flow, this work seeks to enhance energy absorption and thermal management, improving the effectiveness of liquid lead in high-power beam dump applications.
Paper: THPB018
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB018
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 31 May 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB019
Lifecycles and workflows for 3D integration studies at CERN
2544
The implementation of a new product data management (PDM) and product lifecycle management (PLM) system at CERN has significantly improved lifecycles and workflows for 3D integration studies, thanks to the advanced features and tools of the platform. This new PDM/PLM system has provided an opportunity to reassess and optimize user methodologies, focusing on better organization of 3D CAD data, improved collaboration with mechanical and services design offices, and more effective validation processes. Additionally, enhanced traceability throughout workflows is expected to boost overall process quality. This paper examines the challenges encountered during the transition as well as the benefits of the new PDM/PLM, highlighting its contribution to increased efficiency and quality.
Paper: THPB019
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB019
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 13 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 13 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB022
Integration of the HL-LHC machine and its services within the existing LHC tunnel: Challenges and proposed approaches for the integration of a large-scale project
2548
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project is a major upgrade of the LHC presently operating at CERN, designed to enhance the performance reach in terms of integrated luminosity collected during its operational era by another order of magnitude. It involves the replacement of the entire machine and services over more than 200 meters on each side of the high luminosity experiments of ATLAS and CMS, and other modifications across the entire LHC complex. In this context, the HL-LHC Integration team is responsible for the optimization and validation of the new machine layout to ensure an efficient installation, ease of maintenance, and effective system operation. The paper focuses on the challenges of this integration task, in particular for gathering the information and the models to produce accurate 3D assemblies of the overall project, and identify and manage conflict resolution between different teams. This includes the coordination of several equipment groups and related design offices, adapting to spatial constraints of the existing infrastructure, managing equipment at various stages of their design, and dealing with interfaces between existing and new infrastructure. The team employs a combination of 3D design tools and agile management strategies, such as interactive progress-tracking tools (Kanban Board), scrum, sprints and feedback loops. The integration relies on a complete 3D model from which the new reference Layout drawings and database are derived when design milestones are achieved. Integration releases through robust documentation approval and archiving systems constitute the installation baseline.
Paper: THPB022
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB022
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB023
Numerical simulation of a modified air conditioning system of the experimental hall at TPS
2552
Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been committed to serve users for eight years. In the first and second phases of TPS beamline project, there were 16 beamlines had been in operation. The third phase project had been launched in 2021. Facing the more persons and equip-ment in the experimental hall as well as power saving issue, we applied the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) scheme to simulate the air conditioning system to obtain better cooling efficiency. We modelled one twelfth of the TPS experimental hall and two beamlines.
Paper: THPB023
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB023
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 13 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB024
Network system upgrade and information security management system implementation at NSRRC
2555
With the advancement of science and technology, people are more dependent on the Internet and digital technology. We continue to improve our network system to increase speed and security of information transmission at NSRRC. We had established various levels of Information Security System (ISMS) documents and conducted many tasks and obtained the certification of ISO-27001.
Paper: THPB024
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB024
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB025
Power quality measurement and analysis for grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic systems at NSRRC
2558
NSRRC started its solar energy systems installation project in 2016 and began construction in early 2017. Solar modules have been gradually planned and installed on the rooftops of office, laboratory, and Utility buildings. The total installed capacity has now accumulated nearly 1.2MWp, and the total electricity generated to date has reached 10.8GWh, with a total carbon reduction of 5.7kt. This article will analyze and discuss various monitoring data (including voltage/current imbalance rate, harmonic distortion, active power, power factor, etc.) measured during the operation of the solar energy generation system in parallel with the power grid.
Paper: THPB025
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB025
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 14 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB026
Utility design of the 3 GeV electron storage ring for Siam Photon Source II
2561
The Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) is a new synchrotron light source currently under development in Thailand. Its 3 GeV electron storage ring features a lattice composed of 14 Double Triple Bend Achromat (DTBA) cells, with a total circumference of 327.6 meters. To ensure beam stability and operational reliability, a comprehensive suite of utility systems is required. The design incorporates critical infrastructure, including the electrical power system, deionized (DI) water system, air conditioning system, and compressed air system. These utilities provide essential support to both accelerator and beamline subsystems, such as magnets and power supplies, RF cavities and power supplies, vacuum chambers, insertion devices, front-end components, and experimental beamlines. This paper focuses on design considerations for the stability of the electrical power systems and the temperature regulation of the DI water and air conditioning systems. The electrical power demands and cooling loads are estimated based on the specific operational requirements of each accelerator subsystem.
Paper: THPB026
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB026
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 31 May 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB027
Novel photoinjector laser providing advanced pulse shaping for FLASH and EuXFEL
2564
We recently commissioned the Next GenerAtion Photocathode Laser system (NEPAL) in Hamburg’s XFEL facilities (FLASH and EuXFEL) and at DESY’s Photoinjector Test Facility (PITZ). The system delivers deep UV pulse trains up to 1 ms long at repetition rates as high as 4.5 MHz, with temporal and spatial shaping capabilities and individual amplitude control for bunch charge manipulation. The shaping features enable the generation of exceptionally low emittance electron beams, essential for extending the EuXFEL X-ray photon energy beyond 25 keV and for future high duty cycle upgrades. Temporal shaping is achieved through a high-resolution spatial light modulator in the near-infrared driver laser, allowing precise spectral amplitude and phase control of UV pulses. We will present advanced control schemes that pre-compensate for laser nonlinearities and initial experimental results at EuXFEL. We generated UV flat-top pulse profiles with durations ranging from 10ps to 20ps and successfully transferred them onto the electron beam. This achievement represents a significant step toward emittance optimization at EuXFEL and will expand the facility's operational energy range in the near future.
Paper: THPB027
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB027
About: Received: 10 Jun 2025 — Revised: 14 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 14 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB028
Non-destructive & destructive testing on accelerator’s components and materials at the European Spallation Source
2568
The European Spallation Source - ESS, has achieved its major construction in Lund, Sweden and is currently continuing in parallel the commissioning of its first systems. ESS aims to install and commission the most powerful proton LINear ACcelerator (LINAC) designed for neutron production and a 5MW Target system for the production of pulsed neutrons from spallation. In support of this ambitious goal, the Mechanical Measurements Lab (MML) at ESS provides an array of investigative solutions such as Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS), Transient Grating Spectroscopy (TGS), Modal Analysis, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), Strain and Stress Analysis and Destructive Testing, guaranteeing full support to all the groups that have the mandate to install all the different components of the machine. The scope of this contribution is to describe the current status of the undergoing studies, together with the applied methodology and the definition of the testing apparatuses.
Paper: THPB028
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB028
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB029
Transient Grating Spectroscopy for accelerator applications at the European Spallation Source
2572
The European Spallation Source ESS is a multi-nation, interdisciplinary research facility based on the world’s most powerful neutron source that will operate with high standards of availability and reliability minimizing downtime periods. In order to meet these goals, critical component’s performance and aging need to be constantly monitored and assessed. Transient Grating Spectroscopy (TGS), a laser-based tecnique developed for the study of nuclear materials, has been established at ESS as an investigating tool for comparing values of thermal diffusivity before and after irradiation in particle accelerators’s materials. The implementation of this non-destructive method offers a powerful instrument for assessing the characteristics of the materials during the design phase of current and future components and, with further development in terms of resizing and deployability, also opens up the possibility for its application in the online monitoring of the machine.
Paper: THPB029
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB029
About: Received: 03 Jun 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB030
CFD thermal studies of the air inside the storage ring tunnel of the ALBA synchrotron light source for the 3rd and 4th generation designs
2576
The ALBA Synchrotron is currently designing its new version to become a 4th generation particle accelerator. In this new scenario, ALBA would produce a brighter and more coherent photon beam. As a result, ALBA would provide capabilities hitherto inaccessible in terms of resolution, detection levels and understanding of chemical and electromagnetic properties. In this context, the thermal and geometric conditions inside the tunnel will be modified, specifically the Storage Ring. The Booster Ring, Transfer Lines, Air Conditioning System and the tunnel itself will not be modified. The prediction of the thermal behaviour of the air inside the tunnel for the 4th generation is essential, considering the influence of the stability of the air temperature on the stability of the electron beam orbit. The present work assesses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies of the air inside both the current and the 4th generation ALBA tunnel. Comparative studies of the temperature distribution in the air are performed and proposals for the optimization of the air conditioning system are presented. The studies are based on the FLUENT software of ANSYS WORKBENCH.
Paper: THPB030
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB030
About: Received: 22 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB031
Experimental studies of thermal contact conductance between copper, stainless steel and aluminum samples using a setup developed at ALBA Synchrotron Light Source
2580
Accurate knowledge of the Thermal Contact Conductance (TCC) between surfaces is of great importance for the design of components in particle accelerators, such as mirrors, monochromators, filters, detectors, among others. The TCC depends on many variables such as surface finish, type of material, pressure between samples, temperature and interface materials. The TCC can be found in specialized literature, but it is not always possible to find this information for all applications. This forces the design engineer to assume conservative or optimistic values that can result in over or under sized designs. In this context, an experimental setup has been developed in the Engineering Division of ALBA to evaluate thermal contacts under ambient and cryogenics conditions, in vacuum and for different pressure ranges between samples. This work presents the latest experimental results obtained for sample combinations of Copper, Stainless Steel and Aluminium materials.
Paper: THPB031
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB031
About: Received: 23 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Key problems in the development of Lambertson magnet for HEPS booster
Three Lambertson magnets are utilized in the injection and extraction of the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) booster. These magnets incorporate an embedded spliced core structure, integrating structural components made from FeCoV alloy (1J22) with a core composed of DT4 material. The 1J22 components are longitudinally segmented according to the core's length, with each segment processed and annealed independently before being spliced together. The regions prone to leakage magnetic fields are primarily shielded by the 1J22. Furthermore, the septum plate of the low-energy injection Lambertson magnet has a thickness of 3.75 mm, while the septum plates of the two high-energy Lambertson magnets are each 3.25 mm thick. Additionally, the uniformity of the integral main magnetic field is maintained within ±0.05%, and the integral of the leakage field is under 0.1% of the integral of the main magnetic field. The performance of the magnets all meet the specified physical requirements. In this paper, a lot of key problems in the development of magnet such as magnetic field distribution, manufacture of 1J22 components, are introduced and thoroughly discussed.
Research of resonant kicker for CEPC RF region beam separating system
In the CEPC TDR, the RF beam separating system adopts an electro-magnetic separator scheme. The adverse issues of DC HV as high as hundred kV and beam impedance of the electrostatic separator are inevitable, so an alternative solution using kicker magnets and septum magnets was proposed. Compared with static-electrical separator, kicker magnet is stronger and contributes lower beam impedance. According to specific physical parameters, the integral field strength of the kicker magnet is 0.1624 T·m, the magnetic field strength is 203 Gs, the effective length of the magnet is 8 m, the half-width of beam stay clear is 10.1×3.8 mm (H×V), and the half-width of good field region is 9.6×3.6 mm (H×V). Based on this, the resonant kicker research was conducted.
THPB034
A radiation-resistant distributed temperature sensor for CERN’s accelerators
2583
Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS) possess unique features, such as high sensitivity, versatility, and the ability to operate in harsh radiation environments. Distributed OFS are notable for enabling real-time monitoring over large-scale facilities, making them ideal for applications in particle accelerators. Their distributed measurement capabilities provide comprehensive monitoring while offering a cost-effective alternative to conventional pointwise technologies. As part of the Innovation work package of CERN’s Personnel Safety System Consolidation program, an experimental study was conducted to characterize the performance of a radiation-hard Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) to complement CERN’s safety systems, addressing cryogenic leaks and fire risks. Several fire tests were performed to assess the sensor's accuracy and temporal response under emergency-like conditions. A phenomenological model was derived from these tests to predict the system's behaviour in real-world scenarios. The obtained results are key to the first deployment and operation of a dedicated DTS demonstrator in a part of the LHC in 2025.
Paper: THPB034
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB034
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB035
Upgrading the IMPACT application for enhanced risk declaration and approval processes at CERN
2587
The declaration and approval of activities related to CERN's accelerator complex are critical for ensuring safety and compliance. For the past 12 years, the Intervention Management Planning And Coordination Tool (IMPACT) has been the primary system facilitating these processes, enabling approvals by domain and location experts. However, evolving requirements and advancements in technology have necessitated a significant upgrade. This paper introduces the new system, which represents a migration from the legacy IMPACT application. It preserves historical data while offering key improvements in usability, especially for mobile platforms. The updated system simplifies user interactions with clearer workflows and interfaces, reducing complexity for those declaring or approving activities. The development process prioritized a user-centric approach, incorporating iterative testing with stakeholders to ensure the system meets the operational needs of CERN's diverse activities. This paper outlines the technical architecture of the new system, strategies for data migration, and mechanisms designed to improve safety communication. This initiative aligns IMPACT with the integrated engineering platform developed by the Engineering department and contributes to CERN’s overarching goal of advancing safety standards through robust digital solutions.
Paper: THPB035
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB035
About: Received: 19 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB036
Development of a break out box system for the 1.5GHz SRF harmonic cavity at NSRRC
2591
This paper presents the design and implementation of a long-term operational monitoring and control module, planned for deployment after 2026 at the base of a 1.5 GHz superconducting passive harmonic cavity (SRF HC) in the TPS storage ring. The proposed system, known as the Break Out Box (BOB), consolidates multifunctional measurement and control capabilities into a compact, modular platform. Its primary objective is to optimize the signal interface of superconducting RF cavities, thereby improving system reliability, responsiveness, and maintainability.
Paper: THPB036
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB036
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Development of a rotating-coil measurement system for Korea-4GSR magnets
The multipurpose synchrotron radiation accelerator (4GSR), currently under development at the pohang accelerator laboratory (PAL), offers exceptional performance with 100 times higher brilliance and an ultralow emittance of 58 pm·rad compared to third-generation synchrotron light sources. The storage ring includes 344 quadrupoles, 168 sextupoles, and 56 octupoles, most of which are designed with small half-apertures ranging from 15 to 20 mm. This paper presents the development of a rotating coil system designed to precisely measure the magnetic fields of these multipole magnets. The system employs PCB coils with a width of 12 mm as sensors, with a total coil length of 550 mm to accommodate the effective length (354 mm) of the longest quadrupole (Q51) in 4GSR. To enhance signal strength, the PCB coil was constructed with 8 layers and 64 turns. The measured signals are processed using an 18-bit high-precision integrator. The driving system consists of a step motor and an encoder with a resolution of 10,000 pulses/rev. To minimize noise in the measurement signals, a mercury slip ring with a contact resistance of less than 1 mΩ was employed.
Equivalent circuit analysis of waveguide filter
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility/Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL Facility has developed an advanced transverse deflecting structure TTDS (two-mode transverse deflecting structure), using two different rf power sources to deflect beam in any angle. Bandpass filter is a key component in the TTDS, designed to pass low-frequency signals while blocking high-frequency ones. This study uses an equivalent circuit approach to analyze the RF performance of the bandpass filter. By calculating the required S-parameters, an equivalent circuit model is derived to guide the structure and dimension design. The equivalent circuit analysis not only provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of the bandpass filter in TTDS but also offers a useful reference for the design of other waveguide filters in accelerators.
Development of a segmented capillary for inner plasma density control and high repetition rate plasma generation in Wakefield acceleration experiments
Among the advanced approaches in Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA), the use of tapered plasma density and extended acceleration lengths—demonstrated through gas jet experiments—has proven effective for generating high-energy beams. However, gas jet sources often fail to ensure stable beam quality and high repetition rates, limiting their applicability. Addressing these limitations within capillary sources could provide a more robust solution. We propose a segmented capillary source to overcome the limitations of traditional designs. Modularized by function, this design achieves tapered plasma density through CFD-based structural optimization and enables high repetition-rate operation via a differential pumping module. Experimental results validate its effectiveness, highlighting its potential for advanced plasma acceleration applications.
Industrial manufacturing of nonlinear field permanent magnets for a constant tune medical FFA
The FLASH hadron therapy accelerator proposed by Trbojevic requires permanent magnets with nonlinear fields to allow rapid cycling from 10 to 250MeV while keeping the ring tune constant. A test beamline consisting of four cells from this ring is being built at BNL to be tested at the NSRL proton facility. The magnets consist of 24 neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) wedges magnetised in different directions and arranged in a complex pattern to produce the desired nonlinear field profile across the oval aperture for the beam movement. Manufacturing of the two distinct types of magnets was bid for by three US companies of which one was selected. This paper details the field quality achieved across the series of magnets, with discussion of the next stage of field shimming or fine-tuning methods required to use them in an accelerator ring.
THPB042
Design and first prototype results of PETRA-IV permanent magnet dipole-quadrupoles
2594
Permanent magnet-based dipoles will be an essential part of the future PETRA-IV light source at DESY. The bending magnets are combined-function DQ-magnets, which provide moderate focusing with a B/G ratio of about 0.03m. Each DQ consists of several C-shaped modules, one of the three types additionally having a stepwise longitudinal gradient. Several prototype modules have recently been manufactured. The paper describes the magnet design, compares manufacturing peculiarities, and discusses first magnetic measurement results.
Paper: THPB042
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB042
About: Received: 26 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB043
PM magnet development status for BESSYII+
2598
Permanent-Magnet (PM) magnets combine up to zero power consumption with highly stable magnet operation without ripple and cooling vibration effects for more energy-efficient and stable accelerator operation. As part of the upgrade program BESSYII+, we will install the B2PT dipole triplet as the first PM-based accelerator magnet. It concludes the BESSYII transfer line, transporting the electron beam from the booster to the storage ring and bends the beam into the injection septum of the BESSYII storage ring. The new B2PT is planned with three PM hybrid dipole units of 300 mm length each to substitute the present power-hungry 1-m long electromagnet. The triplet produces a stable magnetic field that can be trimmed during operation by electro-correctors in the outer magnets. The permanent magnetic field reduces injection noise into the storage ring and shrinks the total power consumption by almost 30 kW. This paper reviews simulated beam bending optimization of the B2PT PM triplet and its assembly process opening up to PM magnet development also required for the preparation of the future 4th-gen low-emittance source BESSYIII.
Paper: THPB043
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB043
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB045
Permanent magnet-based dipole-quadrupole magnet for SPring-8-II
2602
In recent years, permanent magnet (PM) based multi-pole magnets have become an increasing concern as a replacement for conventional electro-magnets for light sources. The PMs are possible to save both energy and costs for operating and construction the facilities due to the absence of a power supply and cooling system. They have other advantages such as less space without magnetic coils and fewer failures than the conventional electro-magnets. PMs have specific issues, such as the adjustability of the magnetic field, demagnetization, and temperature dependence. Solutions to these issues were already confirmed with dipole structures for SPring-8-II, a major upgrade project of SPring-8 to the fourth generation. We have extended the knowledge and schemes to a dipole-quadrupole combined-function magnet (DQM) that comes in a quadrupole structure. The DQM is readily splittable into an upper and lower half for installation of a vacuum chamber. The reproducibility of the field gradient with half-splitting was less than 0.1%, which is within the required value. We report on the design and trial-manufacture of the PM based DQM.
Paper: THPB045
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB045
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Field measurement of permanent dipole magnet in transport line for TPS
A homemade permanent dipole magnet with Sm2Co17 is planed to replace the original electromagnet in the TPS transfer line. The prototype of 150 mm length is assembled and measured. This paper will discuss the difference between field measurement and simulation.
THPB047
Design and construction of a permanent magnet quadrupole at NSRRC
2606
Increasingly, synchrotron facilities are being developed as green accelerators focused on energy efficiency and low-emittance rings to achieve high brilliance. The emittance size of the electron beam is closely related to the number of bending magnets used. To economically upgrade and optimize the current synchrotron facility, it is crucial to minimize revisions to the existing infrastructure. As a result, more lattice magnets should be installed within the previously constrained achromat space to maximize the available area for the straight section. Consequently, permanent magnet technology offers significant advantages due to its compactness, lack of power consumption, and elimination of the need for cooling circuits with deionized water. This study presents the design of a hybrid-type permanent magnet quadrupole, which consists of permanent magnets and soft magnetic materials, similar to the hybrid configuration of insertion devices. The model, with a bore radius of 11.5 mm, achieves a magnetic field gradient exceeding 90 T/m. Additionally, the practical engineering process used to realize this design is described. Finally, the magnetic field performance is characterized.
Paper: THPB047
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB047
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Design study of distributed pumping system using NEG strips for HALF
The design study of a distributed pumping system using NEG (Non-Evaporable Getter) strips for the slender beam pipes of the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is presented. To achieve a high pumping speed and pumping capacity in a limited pumping space, a NEG strip with distributed pumping capacity was considered. A prototype of HALF vacuum chamber, which can be inserted into NEG strip and matched with magnet system, is designed. The activation temperature of NEG strip and the ultimate vacuum after activation are tested, and the results are in good agreement with those obtained from the simulation.
THPB050
Development of robust beam window by additive manufacturing
2609
Construction of the COMET experimental facility is underway to explore the muon-electron conversion process at the J-PARC Hadron facility. An 8 GeV proton beam supplied from the main ring irradiates a target in a superconducting capture solenoid magnet, and the produced pions and muons are transported to the experimental area. In the beam line, the muon transport solenoids are composed of superconducting magnets cooled by liquid Helium (LHe). The beam windows should be robust enough to withstand against rapid and high pressure increase in emergency of LHe quenching until rupture disks break. Simultaneously, the density of the beam window material must be low, and the thickness must be as thin as possible, while minimizing the beam energy loss for high transmission efficiency. Therefore, we have been developing a beam window built by additive manufacturing. We have successfully developed a beam window made of Ti-6Al-4V with a diameter of 269 mm, a thickness of 0.5 mm, and a proof pressure of 30 atm, and have now started development of a beam window made of AlSi10Mg. In this presentation, we will report on the development status of the beam window by additive manufacturing.
Paper: THPB050
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB050
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB051
Performance evaluation of additively manufactured pure copper radio frequency quadrupole by low-power RF and high-field gradient tests
2612
This paper presents studies on advanced accelerator technologies conducted under the I.FAST (Innovation Fostering in Accelerator Science and Technology) EU project, focusing on additive manufacturing (AM) advancements. AM, particularly powder bed fusion, is giving unique production capabilities for accelerator components. As a proof-of-principle, a full-size pure copper Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) was successfully manufactured earlier. Low-power RF tests and bead-pull measurements performed on this prototype confirmed the precise electromagnetic field distribution, validating design accuracy and repeatability. Furthermore, high-field gradient tests conducted in the CERN's DC pulsed measurement system showed that AM copper electrodes spaced of 94 µm can achieve gradients up to 42 MV/m. These promising results highlight the transformative potential of additive manufacturing in producing high-frequency accelerator components, advancing both precision and reliability.
Paper: THPB051
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB051
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB052
Laser powder bed fusion for x-band RF cavities: A preliminary study
2616
With increasing operational frequency ($f_R$), the size, weight, and power consumption of linear accelerators (Linacs) decrease, which is why e.g. X-band LinVarious studies show that additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of radio frequency cavities (cavities) while increasing performance. With increasing resonance frequency, the size, weight, and power consumption of linear accelerators (Linacs) decrease, which is why, e.g. X-Band Linacs are attractive for industry, medicine, and science. This work investigates, for the first time, whether laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) offers the geometric accuracy necessary for X-Band cavity manufacturing. Eight 9.29 GHz side-coupled test cavities, each comprising three single cells, were fabricated from CuCr1Zr. One of the cavities was post-processed using plasma electrolytic polishing to increase the quality factor. The manufactured cavities were evaluated using a Vector Network Analyze and an optical 3D profiler.
Paper: THPB052
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB052
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB053
Compiling a life cycle inventory of a large accelerator facility: The ISIS-II neutron and muon source life cycle assessment
2620
The ISIS-II Neutron and Muon Source, the proposed successor to the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, presents a unique opportunity to integrate environmental sustainability practises from its inception. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed during the early feasibility and design stage to evaluate the potential environmental impacts across construction, operation, and decommissioning phases, and to identify opportunities for impact reduction. With many accelerator components, elements and systems still in early optioneering stages, numerous assumptions were required to model the facility. This work explores these assumptions and the use of a simplified LCA framework, focusing on bulk material selection, future operational resource management, and strategies for managing non-radioactive and radioactive materials at decommissioning. Updated results of the LCA and identified strategies to minimize and mitigate negative environmental impacts are presented, emphasizing the role of LCAs in embedding sustainability into decision-making for large-scale scientific facilities.
Paper: THPB053
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB053
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 31 May 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Comprehensive power consumption profiling of KARA for sustainable operations
The negative impacts of global warming and continuously rising energy costs emphasize a need for sustainable and cost-effective operation also for accelerator facilities. This necessitates optimization of accelerator operation, which then requires a comprehensive profiling of accelerator facilities for power consumption patterns to break down the consumption trends of the whole facility. At KIT, as part of the Horizon Europe project Research Facility 2.0, a comprehensive analysis of the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) was carried out using the past 1 year of power consumption profiles for all accelerator components. This contribution provides an analysis to identify the overall power consumption profiles of KARA’s main systems, such as the storage ring, cooling plants, and beam-lines. It also explores correlations with factors like weather and temporal variation in consumption patterns on a quarterly, monthly, weekly, and daily basis. The results highlight peak power consumers and consumption periods, as well as the influence of seasonal behavior, accelerator operation modes, and weather patterns.
THPB056
Architecture reconstruction and optimization of front-end interlock system in TPS
2623
The Front-End Interlock System in the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been upgraded to address deployment complexity and maintainability issues observed during early operations. To improve dependability and fault handling, the system integrates a redundant dual-CPU PLC and incorporates a real-time operating system (RTOS) to optimize status and signal publishing processes. While preserving compatibility with the legacy system, the new design streamlines the architecture, improves diagnostic efficiency, and expedites deployment for future upgrades.
Paper: THPB056
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB056
About: Received: 13 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB057
A novel approach to qualify the straightness of electrostatic septa for the SPS slow extraction
2626
The quality of slow extraction from the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) to the North Area is critically influenced by the straightness tolerance of the electrostatic septum. Past observations have identified a degradation of the anode body straightness, resulting in an increased beam loss during ex- traction. A new metrology bench including optical sensors has been developed to cope with the tolerance requirements while also allowing process automation. Two distinct mea- surement procedures are currently employed: one for the anode noses and another for the individual wire metrology. A control system was developed to automate the metrology and analysis process, allowing operator and time-independent measurements and increasing process accuracy. The find- ings from these investigations provide accurate information in case corrective machining of the anode body is required. The metrology method and the described nose scan approach will further reduce beam loss during the slow extraction pro- cess.
Paper: THPB057
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB057
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB058
Status of the low-Z SPS slow extraction electrostatic septum development
2630
The impact of high-flux protons on beam loss during slow extraction from the SPS to the North Area has been discussed, and improvements have been proposed focusing on reducing activation, lifetime reduction, and anode body distortion. The conducted studies shall demonstrate the feasibility of replacing the stainless-steel tank, flanges, and anode body with low-Z materials. A reduced-length prototype was fabricated to demonstrate mechanical, electrical, and vacuum performance. The paper presents the vacuum vessel development from the reduced-length prototype to the full-length setup, including numerical analysis. Prototype qualification tests, including vacuum performance, leak-tightness, high-voltage feedthrough performance, and deformation during evacuation, will be discussed to confirm that the tank remains within predicted non-linear buckling limits.
Paper: THPB058
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB058
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB059
A helium-cooled target design for the SPS Beam Dump Facility (BDF) at CERN
2634
CERN’s upcoming SPS Beam Dump Facility (BDF) will host a production target designed to manage challenging thermal and mechanical conditions while providing the physics output required by the Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment. It must fully absorb 400 GeV/c protons and dissipate up to 305 kW. The baseline design consists of water-cooled tantalum-alloy clad TZM and tungsten (W) blocks. Challenges for the maintenance and reliability of the baseline design led to the development of alternative concepts. The leading design—a helium-cooled W target—optimizes thermal management and structural integrity while simplifying the manufacturing and improving its physics performance for the SHiP experiment. The experimental validation of this concept will be via testing multiple prototypes in an existing slow beam extraction test bench at CERN’s North Area. In parallel, extensive R&D is being pursued on: properties of pure W products including hot-rolled plates; manufacturing of seamless blocks; W-W diffusion bonding techniques. This contribution includes an overview of the helium-cooled target design and a summary of the ongoing material characterization, prototyping and beam-tests.
Paper: THPB059
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB059
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 05 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB060
Mechanical design and challenges of the FCCee arc radiation shielding
2638
The FCC-ee faces challenges in managing radiation from primary synchrotron photons, which can damage machine components and tunnel equipment due to cumulative exposure. Effective shielding is crucial to reduce equipment failure, prevent performance degradation, and limit reliance on costly radiation-hard materials. The proposed solution involves enclosing photon stoppers with shielding inserts and plates. With 2580 dipoles, each containing 10 photon stoppers, the machine requires shielding for 25800 stoppers. A preliminary lead-based design shows promise in dose reduction, but optimization is needed to control costs, meet integration constraints, and ensure manufacturing feasibility. Current estimates suggest each stopper will require 400 kg of shielding, totaling 10320 tons of lead. Optimization focuses on refining the shielding’s shape, size, and materials, while simplifying fabrication and installation to improve scalability. Goals include detailed cost estimates, spatial assessments, and a design addressing thermal management, mechanical integrity, and structural support, ensuring significant reduction of ionizing dose. This work is vital for proving the FCC’s feasibility.
Paper: THPB060
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB060
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB061
MEDSI 2025: Celebrating 25 years of innovation in synchrotron engineering
2642
The 13th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation (MEDSI 2025) marks the 25th anniversary since the first MEDSI workshop in 2000. This biennial meeting, hosted by MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, from September 15–19, 2025, is expected to welcome over 300 delegates and more than 30 industrial exhibitors. MEDSI is the leading forum for advancing engineering in synchrotron and free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities, featuring sessions on precision mechanics, photon delivery, simulation, and core technology developments. MEDSI 2025 will also introduce a special session on neutron source instrumentation, emphasizing collaboration with the European Spallation Source (ESS). The event includes invited and contributed talks, poster sessions, and an industrial exhibition, with all contributions published in the JACoW Proceedings. For more information, visit www.medsi2025.com.
Paper: THPB061
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB061
About: Received: 19 May 2025 — Revised: 29 May 2025 — Accepted: 29 May 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Quality and performance measurement of glued Samarium-Cobalt magnet blocks
The Samarium-Cobalt (Sm₂Co₁₇) permanent magnet block is a promising material for accelerator applications due to its high radiation resistance, low temperature coefficient, high coercive force, and rust resistance. However, Sm₂Co₁₇ is costly and easily to brittleness. To reduce production costs, a glued Sm₂Co₁₇ block has been developed as a substitute for large blocks, which helps to lower equipment expenses for Sm₂Co₁₇ production. The National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) has developed and implemented glued Sm₂Co₁₇ blocks in soft-iron pole magnets. This report discusses various applications of glued Sm₂Co₁₇ blocks and evaluates their quality.
Development of an in-vacuum field measurement system for the non-linear injection kicker of the TPS storage ring
The TPS storage ring utilizes a standard four-kicker bump off-axis injection system, which is known to cause disturbances to the stored beam during injections. To address this issue, an in-vacuum non-linear kicker has been developed. This kicker features zero Bx and By fields at its center and an off-axis By, providing a potential solution to facilitate top-off injection while minimizing oscillations of the stored beam. To evaluate and optimize its performance, an in-vacuum field measurement system is required to characterize the magnetic field distributions at various applied currents. This paper presents the mechanical design, fabrication process, and initial field measurement results of the in-vacuum field measurement system.
Preliminary design of the magnet girder for the HALF storage ring
Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) was the fourth generation diffraction limited storage ring light source under pre-research in National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) of China. Beam position stability was strictly required with the ultra-low beam emittance. The beam position stability of storage ring was affected by many factors. And the changes of magnetic field center position and magnetic field shape were the main factors. Because the magnets were installed on the mechanical support, therefore the alignment adjustment accuracy of magnet installation and the stability requirements of long-term magnetic field put forward new challenges to the design of magnet girder. Based on the requirements of magnet support adjustment accuracy and stability, this paper designed the magnet girder and introduced the development progress of the girder. The adjustment performance test of magnet girder showed that the accuracy was better than 10 μm，the resolution was 1 μ m，and the first natural frequency in magnets scondition was 60Hz.
The vacuum system design of the RF cavity section in the storage ring of the Iranian Light Source Facility
The Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF) is a 3 GeV synchrotron light source designed to serve as a cutting-edge tool for scientific research, providing high-brightness X-rays for a wide range of applications. In the booster ring, particles are accelerated to a final energy of 3 GeV and then stored in a storage ring with a maximum beam current of 400 mA. The RF cavity is a fundamental component of synchrotron light sources, playing a critical role in ensuring optimal machine performance. Optimizing the operational characteristics of the RF cavity significantly enhances the quality of the emitted radiation. The conceptual design of the RF cavity system of storage ring for ILSF to meet these requirements consisting of three 100 MHz main cavities plus two 300 MHz for bunch lengthening. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted using Molflow and Synrad to calculate the pressure profile along the RF cavity straight of the ILSF. The results indicate that three diode ion pumps, each with a pumping speed of 300 l/s for 100 MHz, and two diode ion pumps, each with a pumping speed of 75 l/s for 300 MHz, will be necessary to achieve the desired pressure in the ultra-high vacuum regime.
The vacuum system design of the RF cavity section in the booster of the Iranian Light Source Facility
The Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF) Booster, which is currently in the design phase, has a circumference of 504 meters and accelerates electron bunches from 150 MeV to 3 GeV. The RF cavity section of the Booster is a key area, where maintaining ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions is essential to ensure stable beam acceleration and minimize beam-gas interactions. This work presents the integrated layout of the vacuum system for the RF cavity section of the Iranian Light Source Facility Booster. The conceptual design of the RF cavity section for the ILSF Booster, developed to meet these requirements, consists of three 100 MHz main cavities. The pressure profile has been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations, and the results fall within the accepted operational limits of the machine. These results suggest that three diode ion pumps, each with a pumping speed of 300 l/s, will be required to attain the desired pressure in the ultra-high vacuum regime.
Evaluation of 3D-printed plastics for ultra-high vacuum applications: outgassing and residual gas analysis
The demand for cost- and time-effective and customizable components for High Vacuum (HV) and Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) has prompted exploration into the application of 3D-printing technology. This study investigates the viability of utilizing 3D-printed plastics in UHV by evaluating their outgassing. An extensive evaluation of 3D-printing materials was carried out, highlighting the best polymer candidates using two of the most common 3D-printing techniques, Fused Deposition Modelling and Stereolithography. Further investigations were conducted to assess the performance of select 3D-printed plastics under UHV, focusing on their low outgassing and resistance to baking temperatures. Furthermore, residual gas analysis was used to evaluate the materials compatibility with NEG coating and possible presence of other contaminants. The findings suggest that certain 3D-printed plastics exhibit promising characteristics for use in HV and UHV, with notable examples including cyclic olefin copolymer and PEEK along with Rigid 10K and Tullomer™. A comparison between machined and 3D-printed parts showed that challenges such as porosity and surface roughness are not to be a cause of great concern.
Thermal-structural analysis of the Korea-4GSR vacuum chambers
The Korea-4GSR is a fourth-generation synchrotron radiation accelerator with an energy of 4 GeV, a beam current of 400 mA, and a circumference of 800 m. To satisfy the performance requirements of the storage ring, the gap between the electromagnets and the vacuum chamber is designed to be extremely narrow, from 1.5 mm to 2 mmA portion of the synchrotron radiation generated in the storage ring is delivered to the beamlines, with most absorbed within the storage ring using various types of photon absorbers installed throughout the system, while some photons are directly absorbed by the vacuum chamber. To prevent interference caused by thermal deformation of the vacuum chamber during this process, stress, deformation, and temperature distributions due to synchrotron radiation were analyzed using Ansys. This study proposes optimization strategies to ensure the mechanical stability of the vacuum chamber under synchrotron radiation exposure.
Mechanical displacement of the prototype chamber for the Korea-4GSR
The Korea-4GSR storage ring vacuum chamber is composed of materials such as aluminum and stainless steel. Among these, the aluminum extruded chamber for Pill getter insertion undergoes in-situ bake-out and getter activation in the storage ring tunnel at a temperature of 180°C for over 24 hours. The gap between the electromagnet and the vacuum chamber is as narrow as 1–2 mm, which could lead to physical interference between the magnet and the chamber due to thermal expansion caused by the bake-out process. Therefore, the displacement of the aluminum vacuum chamber due to temperature increase has been calculated and measured based on the position and type of supports. This presentation aims to discuss the optimization of the bellows and support designs for the aluminum vacuum chamber.
Study on the feasibility of incorporating ozonized water into the ultra-high vacuum chemical cleaning process for aluminum vacuum chambers
The feasibility of incorporating ozonized water into the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chemical cleaning process for aluminum vacuum chambers was investigated. The experiments were conducted using custom-designed wet bench equipment under various temperature and time conditions. Auger analysis was used to evaluate the removal of organic contaminants, and TEM analysis measured changes in oxide layer thickness. Subsequently, similar experiments were conducted on a prototype 4GSR vacuum chamber, and vacuum quality was assessed through outgassing rate measurements and RGA analysis. Based on these results, we quantitatively and qualitatively determined the optimal reaction time, temperature, and process sequence for ozonized water treatment in UHV chemical cleaning. This method is expected to more effectively remove initial chemical impurities and physical contaminants from the surface or interior of aluminum materials under specific conditions. Consequently, it may help reduce photon-stimulated desorption rates, contributing to a shorter conditioning time in the 4GSR project and ultimately enabling the achievement of higher vacuum levels.
Vacuum performance analysis of low-temperature activated getter pump with different sintering conditions
The pumping speed of pill-type getter pumps for low-temperature activation, fabricated under different sintering conditions, were measured at various temperatures. To reduce uncertainty, the pumping speed measurements were performed on more than 70 getter pumps. This measurement method has limitations: it measures the pumping speed only on one side of the getter and may overestimate the speed due to the influence of getter powder. Therefore, the pumping speed of a single pill-type getter pump was measured and compared in accordance with ASTM F798-97.
Design of stainless steel vacuum chambers for the HALF storage ring
The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is positioned as an internationally advanced fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light source in the low-energy range, based on a diffraction-limited storage ring. The stainless steel vacuum chamber is a key component of HALF, with 316LN stainless steel chosen as the primary material. Its mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, low outgassing rate, and excellent process adaptability make it the ideal material for HALF. The vacuum chamber operates in an environment subject to vibrations and radiation, necessitating high welding process requirements to prevent weld cracks and leaks. The vacuum leak rate is controlled within 2×10-11mbar.l/s. The vacuum chamber is designed to withstand baking temperatures above 250°C. After machining, the magnetic permeability of the chamber is kept at 𝜇≤1.01.For certain stainless steel vacuum chambers, the inner surface of the beam channel is coated with oxygen-free copper (TU0). This reduces the outgassing rate from the inner wall, lowers the photon-stimulated desorption coefficient, and ensures a uniform and low vacuum pressure distribution.
Pumping properties of Pd/Ti non-evaporable getter film
Non-evaporable getter (NEG) films are ideal for maintaining ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions in particle accelerators, owing to their uniform pumping speeds and negligible outgassing characteristics. However, the requirement for thermal activation limits the applicability of NEG films. Prolonged exposure to atmospheric conditions and repeated activation cycles lead to a gradual increase in their activation temperature. This poses significant challenges for accelerator maintenance. The Pd/Ti composite film, created by depositing a palladium (Pd) layer onto a titanium (Ti) film, enhances oxidation resistance and reduces activation temperatures. In this study, a double-layer Pd/Ti film was deposited onto oxygen-free copper (OFC) samples, and a specialized device for measuring its pumping speed was designed and constructed. Additionally, the microstructures, cross-sectional elemental distributions, surface elemental compositions, and pumping properties of the films were tested and analyzed.
Copper vacuum chamber of HALF storage ring coated with NEG
The premise of the stable operation of charged particles in the accelerator storage ring is a stable and clean vacuum environment, and the level reached by the vacuum system is directly related to beam intensity, beam quality and beam lifetime. Therefore, the design of vacuum system is an indispensable part of accelerator engineering. HALF is a fourth generation advanced synchrotron radiation light source in low energy region. The beam emittance in the storage ring reaches the diffraction limit. At present, the circumference of the storage ring as the main body of HALF is 480m and is set to 20 cycles. According to the characteristics of the fourth generation light source storage ring, such as small vacuum chamber space, large calorific value, small flow conductivity of the storage ring and limited effective pumping speed of the vacuum pump, the alloy copper with high strength, good thermal conductivity and non-magnetic should be selected as the main material of the ring vacuum chamber. At the same time, the exhaust of intermittent sputtering ion pump can not meet the requirement of vacuum, so the inner surface of copper vacuum chamber of storage ring must be coated with NEG film.
THPB079
Investigation of properties of CuZr alloy for vacuum chamber structural materials
2644
CuZr alloy is considered for the structural material of the vacuum chamber of the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) storage ring. We tested the outgassing rate of CuZr material. The outgassing rate of CuZr alloy can reach 4.93×10^-11 Pa·L/s·cm² after baking at 180°C for 48h, which is more than one order of magnitude lower than that of SS. These results indicate that CuZr alloy is easier to degas by baking at lower temperatures and is a material with very low outgassing rates. At the same time, it is a highly competitive structural material for future accelerator vacuum chamber based on its good electrical conductivity, high strength and hardness.
Paper: THPB079
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB079
About: Received: 17 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Antechamber type vacuum chamber coated with non-evaporable getter films
To coat the inner surface of antechamber type vacuum chamber for Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) with nonevaporable getter material (NEG), a dedicated magnetron sputtering setup has been prepared at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). The magnetron sputtering device and the coating method are introduced in this paper. The properties of the films were tested. This coating method has been proved to be feasible and ensures the stability of the discharge and the reliability of the NEG film quality, which satisfy the stringent engineering requirements of HALF. This study may also offer a reference for similar vacuum chamber coating applications.
Development of a new type adjustable strength permanent magnet quadrupole
An integrated concept is presented to design a permanent quadrupole magnet (PQM) using tunning modules simultaneously for varying magnetic field gradient. It is anticipated that this design will be utilized for Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) in the future. This design leverages symmetry to achieve both a broad range of magnetic field gradient tunning and a narrow range of precise magnetic field gradient tunning, and produce desired high-quality quadrupole magnetic fields. The PQM primarily achieve magnetic field gradient tunning by modifying the size and position of the tunning modules. The tunning of a wide spectrum of magnetic field gradient is mainly achieved by altering the excitation direction of permanent quadrupole magnets within the tunning module. The precise manipulation of small-scale magnetic field gradient is mainly achieved by manipulating the tunning-tube to modify the excitation effect exerted by the tunning module on the central magnetic field. In light of the aforementioned principles, we propose a design for a quadrupole magnet with a magnetic field gradient approximating 70T/m and magnetic gradient tunning range attain 40% in an aperture radius of 14mm.
THPB085
Design and structural analysis of a bending chamber for EPU applications in the SPS-II storage ring
2647
Designing a vacuum chamber for the Elliptically Polarized Undulator (EPU) in the SPS-II storage ring presents challenges due to a constrained bore aperture, minimal clearance between magnet poles, and requirements for synchrotron radiation delivery. This study focuses on a vacuum chamber design that accommodates the large opening angle necessary for EPU operation. A complex transition cross-section was developed to achieve the required beam aperture while maintaining compatibility with the magnet structure. The limited clearance of 0.5 mm between the chamber and magnets necessitates precision machining and fabrication. Structural reinforcements were added to the thin sections of the chamber to ensure mechanical stability, and a specialized welding approach was implemented to minimize deformation. The chamber is fixed to supports designed to control thermal deformation during operation. Finite element analysis (FEA) evaluates the chamber’s structural performance, including stress, safety factors, and deformation, confirming the design meets the operational requirements for EPU applications in the SPS-II storage ring.
Paper: THPB085
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB085
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB086
New analysis tools for LHC aperture measurements
2650
Aperture measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are routine procedures conducted during the early stages of beam commissioning, prior to the injection of high-intensity beams. This is to ensure that the aperture, defining the clearance for the circulating beams, is protected by the LHC collimation system. Local aperture measurements are performed to probe the available aperture at specific locations. Such measurements are carried out by applying a local orbit bump in the area of interest. The bump amplitude is increased until the beam touches the aperture, visible through signals in the local Beam Loss Monitors. This contribution introduces a refined approach to analyse local aperture measurements by incorporating measured beam position monitor (BPM) signals to enhance the precision of the analysis. Using the Xsuite package, the orbit bump is simulated and rematched to the measured BPM signal to enhance the analysis and quantify the uncertainties with respect to the theoretical beam orbit. Using past measurement data, we compare the results obtained using the established and revised methodologies and conclude on derived measurement uncertainties.
Paper: THPB086
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB086
About: Received: 14 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 04 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB087
Overview of IFMIF-DONES lithium target system design
2654
At the core of IFMIF-DONES is placed the Target System. It generates a high-speed liquid lithium jet (15 m/s, 300°C) acting as the target for a 40 MeV, 125 mA deuterium-based linear accelerator, with the primary aim of qualifying fusion-related materials. The design of the Target System has evolved during the last few years addressing key challenges. Managing the 5 MW of power deposited continuously in the target requires a reliable lithium loop supplying liquid lithium in well-defined conditions. The extreme operational conditions, exposed to high irradiation levels (~25 dpa/year), demand also careful selection of materials and regular replacement strategies for critical components, supported by dedicated Remote Handling systems. Current efforts focus on optimizing the design to meet the requirements for its upcoming construction phase. This includes advanced features to facilitate assembly, installation, and long-term operability. Additionally, attention is being paid to the integration of diagnostics. This contribution highlights the recent R&D and engineering solutions aimed at advancing the Target System toward successful construction, commissioning and subsequent operation.
Paper: THPB087
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB087
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB089
Recent progress at the Low Energy Accelerator Development Facility
2658
The Low Energy Accelerator Development Facility * is located at the site of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY, USA) and is aimed to run a program specially targeting new collaborations for user-driven research. The facility has two fully radiation-shielded bunkers (153 and 77 sq. m) to where a range of electrical, cooling and RF capabilities are presently being introduced. The facility runs also the Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED) Facility. The first shielded bunker will support the deployment of a demonstrator for the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Accelerator ** (eCRA). The deployment is expected to start in April of 2025. At the UED Facility beamline updates are now going into place for a NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory *** electron irradiator beamline for Single Event Effects (SEE) testing; the capability for UED/UEM testing will be expanded; and the deployment of a new stable solid-state modulator and klystron is in progress. The presented article provides further details.
Paper: THPB089
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB089
About: Received: 20 May 2025 — Revised: 31 May 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB090
Accelerator test facility upgrades to enable further advancements in the science and technology of accelerators
2661
The Accelerator Test Facility* (ATF) is the DoE Office of Science User Facility aimed to provide users with a high brightness electron beam, near-infrared (NIR), and long-wave infrared (LWIR) laser beams. The unique capabilities at the ATF include the possibility to combine the electron beam with synchronized high-power laser beams. It is planned to upgrade the facility to have enhanced capabilities. They will include: an increased electron beam energy from the present 65-70 MeV to 110-120 MeV; a reduced by a factor of about 10 phase jitter; and an improved - to femtoseconds’ scale - time synchronization between the electron beam and the laser beams. To accomplish these tasks, the ATF will design and deploy a new High Level RF System, a new Low Level RF System, and a new Time Distribution System. In addition, the ATF will change the Power Plant for the quadrupole and correction magnets to increase operations’ reliability. It is expected that the planning stage will be completed in about 3 years, and the actual hardware deployment will be finished after that in the next 2 years. Different upgrade options are being investigated now and are described in the presented article.
Paper: THPB090
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB090
About: Received: 21 May 2025 — Revised: 03 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 03 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB093
Current status of permanent magnet radiation resiliency studies at CEBAF
2664
One possible future for Jefferson Lab’s Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) lies in upgrading its maximum nominal energy using Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) technology for its recirculating arcs. The current proposal aims to use permanent magnets to supply the fixed fields. One concern among reviewers is the degradation of these permanent magnets during operation due to the radiation environment in which they will be present. This work, funded by a Laboratory Directed R&D grant, aims to measure the magnet degradation in the CEBAF tunnel enclosure, and extrapolate to the energies expected from the upgrade. We present the latest results of this study, as well as plans moving forward.
Paper: THPB093
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB093
About: Received: 27 May 2025 — Revised: 30 May 2025 — Accepted: 31 May 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB094
Large-area atomic layer deposition of titanium nitride for RF windows
2668
High-power particle accelerators, like the Spallation Neutron Source, require reliable radio-frequency waveguide windows to transmit power while maintaining a vacuum. These windows face performance challenges due to multipacting, an electron cascade disrupting vacuum integrity. Thin TiN coatings can suppress this by reducing secondary electron emission, but traditional methods struggle to uniformly coat complex ceramic surfaces. We developed an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to create conformal TiN films (<10 nm) at low temperatures (130°C), achieving smooth, conductive coatings with a secondary electron yield below 2.0. Collaborating with Microwave Techniques LLC and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, we designed RF windows with replaceable TiN-coated ceramic disks to improve performance and reduce downtime. In our next phase, we will scale up manufacturing and develop a modular ALD tool for in-situ coating of waveguide and SRF cavity metallic surfaces, crucial for next-generation accelerators operating at higher power. These innovations enhance efficiency, reliability, and design flexibility, advancing accelerator technology and fostering high-tech sector growth.
Paper: THPB094
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB094
About: Received: 30 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Enhancing bulk niobium quality: addressing surface pits and delamination in cavity manufacturing
This poster presents an overview of the efforts to resolve niobium quality issues, specifically surface pits and delamination, encountered during cavity manufacturing for the PIP-II project. Initial surface quality problems led to a temporary suspension of production. Additionally, delamination was later discovered in both formed and unformed sheets, raising concerns about the material's integrity across multiple projects. This poster will detail the challenges faced, the investigative process, and the solutions implemented to restore and enhance the quality of niobium used in cavity manufacturing.
THPB096
Utilization of renewable energies for sustainable accelerator operation at KIT
2670
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology operates the accelerator test facility Karlsruhe Research Accelerator, which also provides synchrotron radiation at 2.5 GeV. Roughly one third of the wall-plug power is used for cooling. Optimizing the infrastructure for cooling has a huge impact on the overall sustainability. To reduce the environmental impact a thermal well system was installed. It reduces the base heat load by eliminating one of three 500 kW cooling units. This paper describes the challenges, such as iron-manganese rich groundwater, and their solution for our 1 MW passive cooling system. The average energy consumption of 28 kW for the thermal well infrastructure is compensated by a new 540 kWp solar power plant. This paper elaborates on the commissioning of the wells and shows the first results of this overall sustainable cooling concept.
Paper: THPB096
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB096
About: Received: 28 May 2025 — Revised: 01 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB097
Material properies of 3D-printed copper for rf-cavities
2673
This study investigates the material properties of 3D-printed copper for use in radio frequency (RF) cavities, with a focus on its suitability for high-performance accelerator applications. Key aspects include an analysis of the corrosion and erosion resistance of the printed copper, as well as its electrical and thermal conductivity. Results demonstrate the potential of additive manufacturing for producing RF components while addressing challenges related to material performance under operational conditions. The findings contribute to the development of advanced manufacturing techniques for efficient and durable RF cavity fabrication.
Paper: THPB097
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB097
About: Received: 29 May 2025 — Revised: 04 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 05 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB098
Design of the ANTHEM RFQ mechanical supports
2677
The ANTHEM (Advanced Technologies for Human-centered Medicine) research project will establish a Research and Clinical Center in Caserta, Italy, for the study and application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The INFN (LNL, Pavia, Napoli, Torino) has in charge the design and construction of the epithermal neutron source, that will assure a flux of $10^9\ n/(s\ cm^2)$ with characteristics suited for deep tumors treatment. The Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), designed by INFN, produces $30\ mA$ of protons at $5\ MeV$ and is composed of 3 super modules, each of which at $600\ kg$ in weight and $2.5\ m$ in length. The supports perform the iso-statical alignment during the modules assembly, coupling and alignment, and are also used to align the RFQ respect to the Nominal Beam Line, using a Laser Tracker to monitor the position with a tolerance of $0.1\ mm$. This paper details the chosen kinematic configuration, the supports design, the calculation and simulations for design validation, the procedures for regulation and alignment and the achieved results.
Paper: THPB098
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB098
About: Received: 22 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
THPB099
Design overview of the medium energy beam transport line for the ANTHEM project
2680
The ANTHEM (Advanced Technologies for Human-centered Medicine) research project will establish a Research and Clinical Center in Caserta, Italy, for the study and application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), designed by INFN, produces proton beam of 30 mA at 5 MeV, impinging on a beryllium target. A 12 m long Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line, located after the RFQ, is responsible for transporting the beam to the target for optimal neutron production. This paper gives an overview of the design of MEBT line and details its main characteristics about beam dynamics, vacuum system and its mechanical layout.
Paper: THPB099
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB099
About: Received: 25 May 2025 — Revised: 14 Oct 2025 — Accepted: 14 Oct 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025
Hybrid semitransparent beamstops for small-angle x-ray scattering instruments
We report a novel concept of hybrid semitransparent beamstops for small-angle xray scattering instruments, removing the need for a separate photodiode to monitor the transmitted x-ray intensity. The combination of a semitransparent aluminum core and a highly absorbing steel cover ensures minimal parasitic x-ray scattering from the beamstop itself. The modular design readily enables modification of the beamstop for different x-ray energies and fluxes.
THPB101
Study of a girder system for the Korea-4th Generation Synchrotron Radiation (4GSR) accelerator
2683
The Korea 4th-Generation Synchrotron Radiation (4GSR) accelerator requires exceptionally high mechanical stability to ensure reliable beam operation with an extremely small beam size. To achieve this, a robust grid-er system is essential for supporting accelerator components such as magnets, vacuum chambers, and beam position monitors (BPMs). The girder system must suppress vibrations originating from the ground to prevent disturbances in the electron beam trajectory, while also maintaining sufficient mechanical rigidity to support heavy components like electromagnets. In the Korea 4GSR project, the girder system is required to maintain a misalignment tolerance within ±100 μm and limit vibration amplitudes to less than 10% of the beam size to ensure beam stability. However, with a storage ring circumference of approximately 800 meters, meeting these specifications poses significant challenges. This study presents the development of a girder system using finite element analysis (FEA) methods to achieve both mechanical stiffness and adjustability, thereby ensuring the required beam stability.
Paper: THPB101
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2025-THPB101
About: Received: 23 May 2025 — Revised: 02 Jun 2025 — Accepted: 06 Jun 2025 — Issue date: 05 Nov 2025